• day25反射


    s15day25 面向对象相关
     
    内容回顾:
        1. 昨日知识点
            - 特殊成员
            - 组合嵌套
            - 主动调用其他类成员
                - super
        2. 列举特殊成员
            __enter__
            __exit__
            __call__
            __getitem__,obj['xx']
            __setitem__,obj['xx'] = 1
            __delitem__,del obj['xx']
            __new__,
            __init__
            __add__
            
            __str__
                class Foo(object):
                    def __init__(self):
                        pass
     
                    def func(self):
                        pass
     
                    def __str__(self):
                        return "F1"
     
                obj = Foo()
                print(obj,type(obj))
            __doc__
                
                class Foo(object):
                    """
                    asdfasdfasdfasdf
                    """
                    def __init__(self):
                        pass
     
                    def func(self):
                        pass
     
                    def __str__(self):
                        return "F1"
     
                obj = Foo()
                print(obj.__doc__)
            __dict__
                
                class Foo(object):
                    def __init__(self,name,age):
                        self.name = name
                        self.age = age
     
                    def func(self):
                        pass
     
                obj1 = Foo('刘博文',99)
                obj2 = Foo('史雷',89)
     
     
                print(obj1.__dict__) # {'name': '刘博文', 'age': 99}
                print(obj2.__dict__) # {'name': '史雷', 'age': 89}
            __iter__
                # l1是list类的一个对象,可迭代对象
                l1 = [11,22,33,44]
     
                # l2是list类的一个对象,可迭代对象
                l2 = [1,22,3,44]
     
     
                class Foo(object):
                    def __init__(self,name,age):
                        self.name = name
                        self.age = age
     
                    def func(self):
                        pass
     
                    def __iter__(self):
                        # return iter([11,22,33,44,55,66])
     
                        yield 11
                        yield 22  
                        yield 33
     
                # obj1是Foo类的一个对象,可迭代对象
                """
                如果想要把不可迭代对象 -> 可迭代对象
                1. 在类中定义__iter__方法
                2. iter内部返回一个迭代器(生成器也是一种特殊迭代器)
                """
                obj1 = Foo('刘博文',99)
     
                for item in obj1:
                    print(item)
        3. 练习题:...
            
    今日内容:
        1. isinstance/issubclass/type
        
        2. 方法和函数
        
        3. 反射
        
        4. 其他
        
    内容详细:
        1. issubclass/type/isinstance/
        
            issubclass
                class Base(object):
                    pass
     
                class Foo(Base):
                    pass
     
                class Bar(Foo):
                    pass
     
                print(issubclass(Bar,Base)) # 检查第一个参数是否是第二个参数的 子子孙孙类
                
            type:获取当前对象是由那个类创建。
                    """
                    class Foo(object):
                        pass
     
                    obj = Foo()
     
                    print(obj,type(obj)) # 获取当前对象是由那个类创建。
                    if type(obj) == Foo:
                        print('obj是Foo类型')
                    """
     
                    # #### 练习题
                    """
                    class Foo(object):
                        pass
     
                    class Bar(object):
                        pass
     
                    def func(*args):
                        foo_counter =0
                        bar_counter =0
                        for item in args:
                            if type(item) == Foo:
                                foo_counter += 1
                            elif type(item) == Bar:
                                bar_counter += 1
                        return foo_counter,bar_counter
     
                    # result = func(Foo(),Bar(),Foo())
                    # print(result)
     
                    v1,v2 = func(Foo(),Bar(),Foo())
                    print(v1,v2)
                    """
                
            isinstance,检查第一个参数(对象)是否是第二个参数(类及父类)的实例。
                            
                class Base(object):
                    pass
     
                class Foo(Base):
                    pass
     
                obj1 = Foo()
                print(isinstance(obj1,Foo))  # 检查第一个参数(对象)是否是第二个参数(类及父类)的实例。
                print(isinstance(obj1,Base)) # 检查第一个参数(对象)是否是第二个参数(类及父类)的实例。
     
     
                obj2 = Base()
                print(isinstance(obj2,Foo))  # 检查第一个参数(对象)是否是第二个参数(类及父类)的实例。
                print(isinstance(obj2,Base)) # 检查第一个参数(对象)是否是第二个参数(类及父类)的实例。
     
     
     
                # #################### 练习
                """
                给你一个参数,判断对象是不是由某一个指定类? type                  --> type(obj) == Foo
                给你一个参数,判断对象是不是由某一个指定类或其父类? isinstance    --> instance(obj,Foo)
                """
            
            
        2. 方法和函数
            称谓:
                类,方法
                外,函数
            到底方法函数?
                对象.xxx  --> xxx就是方法
                类.xxx    --> xxx就是函数
                xxx       --> xxx就是函数
            打印查看:
                function
                method
                
            代码检查:
                from types import MethodType,FunctionType
                def check(arg):
                    """
                    检查arg是方法还是函数?
                    :param arg:
                    :return:
                    """
                    if isinstance(arg,MethodType):
                        print('arg是一个方法')
                    elif isinstance(arg,FunctionType):
                        print('arg是一个函数')
                    else:
                        print('不知道是什么')
            
        
        3. 反射
            a. 需求
            
            总结:
                v = getattr(obj,"func")  # 根据字符串为参数(第二个参数),去对象(第一个参数)中寻找与之同名的成员。
                
            练习题:    
                ..
                
            好记:
                getattr # 根据字符串的形式,去对象中找成员。
                hasattr # 根据字符串的形式,去判断对象中是否有成员。
                setattr # 根据字符串的形式,动态的设置一个成员(内存)
                delattr # 根据字符串的形式,动态的删除一个成员(内存)
            应用一:
                # by luffycity.com
                from types import FunctionType
                import handler
     
                while True:
                    print("""
                    系统支持的函数有:
                        1. f1
                        2. f2
                        3. f3
                        4. f4
                        5. f5
                    """)
                    val = input("请输入要执行的函数:") # val = "f1"
     
                    # 错误
                    # handler.val()
                    if hasattr(handler,val):
                        func_or_val = getattr(handler,val)     # 根据字符串为参数,去模块中寻找与之同名的成员。
                        if isinstance(func_or_val,FunctionType):
                            func_or_val()
                        else:
                            print(func_or_val)
                    else:
                        print('handler中不存在输入的属性名')
     
                    # 正确方式
                    """
                    if val == 'f1':
                        handler.f1()
                    elif val == 'f2':
                        handler.f2()
                    elif val == 'f3':
                        handler.f3()
                    elif val == 'f4':
                        handler.f4()
                    elif val == 'f5':
                        handler.f5()
                    """
            
            应用二:
                
                class Account(object):
                    func_list = ['login', 'logout', 'register']
     
                    def login(self):
                        """
                        登录
                        :return:
                        """
                        print('登录111')
     
                    def logout(self):
                        """
                        注销
                        :return:
                        """
                        print('注销111')
     
                    def register(self):
                        """
                        注册
                        :return:
                        """
                        print('注册111')
     
                    def run(self):
                        """
                        主代码
                        :return:
                        """
                        print("""
                            请输入要执行的功能:
                                1. 登录
                                2. 注销
                                3. 注册
                        """)
     
                        choice = int(input('请输入要执行的序号:'))
                        func_name = Account.func_list[choice-1]
     
                        # func = getattr(Account,func_name) # Account.login
                        # func(self)
     
                        func = getattr(self, func_name)  # self.login
                        func()
     
                obj1 = Account()
                obj1.run()
     
                obj2 = Account()
                obj2.run()
            
    总结:
        
        反射 *****
        issubclass/type/isinstance/ ***
        方法和函数 *
            
        问题:你见过的什么后面可以加()?
                - 类()
                - 对象()
                - 函数()
                - 方法()
                以上所有都可以被调用。
                
        示例:
            def func():
                pass
     
     
            class Foo(object):
                def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
                    pass
                def func(self):
                    pass
            obj = Foo()
     
     
            print(callable(func))
            print(callable(Foo))
            print(callable(obj))
            print(callable(obj.func))
                
    作业:
        
    class FOO(object):
        "doc neirong "
        def __init__(self,name):
            self.name=name
            pass
        def func(self):
            age=10
            return age
        def __str__(self):
            return 'FOOTEST'
    
        def __iter__(self):
            # return iter([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9])
            yield 11
            yield 33
            yield 44
    obj1=  FOO('walker')
    print(obj1,type(obj1))
    print(obj1.__doc__)
    print(obj1.__dict__)
    #   __dict__  将类的对象中所有的封装的值以字典的形式返回
    #   __doc 返回类的注释相关信息
    #   类中__str__ 方法;print时返回这个类的 __str__的返回值,
    #   若是没有 __str方法则直接返回类的内存地址
    #   可以加type查看是对象还是其它类型
    # ---------------------
    # 如果想要把不可迭代对象 -> 可迭代对象
    # 1. 在类中定义__iter__方法
    # 2. iter内部返回一个迭代器(生成器也是一种特殊迭代器)
    for i in obj1:
        print(i)
    
    # by luffycity.com
    """"""
    # 第一题:
    
    # class StarkConfig(object):
    #     list_display = []
    #
    #     def get_list_display(self):
    #         self.list_display.insert(0,33)
    #         return self.list_display
    #
    # class RoleConfig(StarkConfig):
    #     list_display = [11,22]
    #
    #
    # s1 = StarkConfig()
    #
    # result1 = s1.get_list_display()
    # print(result1) # 33
    #
    # result2 = s1.get_list_display()
    # print(result2) # 33 33
    
    
    # -------------------------
    # class StarkConfig(object):
    #     def __init__(self):
    #         self.list_display = []
    #
    #     def get_list_display(self):
    #         self.list_display.insert(0, 33)
    #         return self.list_display
    #
    #
    # class RoleConfig(StarkConfig):
    #     list_display = [11, 22]
    #
    #
    # s1 = StarkConfig()
    #
    # result1 = s1.get_list_display()
    # print(result1)  # 33
    #
    # result2 = s1.get_list_display()
    # print(result2)  # 33 33
    # ------------------------
    
    # class StarkConfig(object):
    #     def __init__(self):
    #         self.list_display = []
    #
    #     def get_list_display(self):
    #         self.list_display.insert(0, 33)
    #         return self.list_display
    #
    #
    # class RoleConfig(StarkConfig):
    #     list_display = [11, 22]
    #
    #
    # s1 = StarkConfig()
    # s2 = StarkConfig()
    #
    # result1 = s1.get_list_display()
    # print(result1)  # 33
    #
    # result2 = s2.get_list_display()
    # print(result2)  # 33
    
    # ---------------------------#
    # class StarkConfig(object):
    #     list_display = []
    #
    #     def get_list_display(self):
    #         self.list_display.insert(0, 33)
    #         return self.list_display
    #
    #
    # class RoleConfig(StarkConfig):
    #     list_display = [11, 22]
    #
    #
    # s1 = StarkConfig()
    # s2 = StarkConfig()
    #
    # result1 = s1.get_list_display()
    # print(result1)  # 33
    #
    # result2 = s2.get_list_display()
    # print(result2)  # 33 33
    
    
    # ############################################################################################
    
    # 第二题:
    
    # class StarkConfig(object):
    #     list_display = []
    #
    #     def get_list_display(self):
    #         self.list_display.insert(0,33)
    #         return self.list_display
    #
    # class RoleConfig(StarkConfig):
    #     list_display = [11,22]
    #
    #
    # s1 = StarkConfig()
    # s2 = StarkConfig()
    #
    # result1 = s1.get_list_display()
    # print(result1)
    #
    # result2 = s2.get_list_display()
    # print(result2)
    
    
    # 第三题:
    """
    class StarkConfig(object):
        list_display = []
    
        def get_list_display(self):
            self.list_display.insert(0,33)
            return self.list_display
    
    class RoleConfig(StarkConfig):
        list_display = [11,22]
    
    
    s1 = StarkConfig()
    s2 = RoleConfig()
    
    result1 = s1.get_list_display()
    print(result1)
    
    result2 = s2.get_list_display()
    print(result2)
    """
    
    # 第四题:
    # """
    class StarkConfig(object):
        list_display = []
    
        def get_list_display(self):
            self.list_display.insert(0,33)
            return self.list_display
    
    class RoleConfig(StarkConfig):
        list_display = [11,22]
    
    
    s1 = RoleConfig()
    s2 = RoleConfig()
    
    result1 = s1.get_list_display()
    print(result1)
    
    result2 = s2.get_list_display()
    print(result2)
    # """        
            
       class Base(object):
        pass
    
    class Foo(Base):
        pass
    
    class Bar(Foo):
        pass
    
    print(issubclass(Bar,Base)) # 检查第一个参数是否是第二个参数的 子子孙孙类
            
            
    
            
            
    class Foo(object):
        pass
    
    obj = Foo()
    
    print(obj,type(obj)) # 获取当前对象是由那个类创建。
    if type(obj) == Foo:
        print('obj是Foo类型')    
    class Base(object):
        pass
    
    class   Foo(Base):
        pass
    obj1=Foo()
    print(isinstance(obj1,Foo))  # 检查第一个参数(对象)是否是第二个参数(类及父类)的实例。
    print(isinstance(obj1,Base))  # 检查第一个参数(对象)是否是第二个参数(类及父类)的实例。
    obj2=Base()
    print(isinstance(obj2,Foo))   # 检查第一个参数(对象)是否是第二个参数(类及父类)的实例。
    print(isinstance(obj2,Base)) 
    给你一个参数,判断对象是不是由某一个指定类? type --> type(obj) == Foo
    给你一个参数,判断对象是不是由某一个指定类或其父类? isinstance --> instance(obj,Foo)
    
    from types import MethodType,FunctionType
    
    def check(arg):
        """
        检查arg是方法还是函数?
        :param arg:
        :return:
        """
        if isinstance(arg,MethodType):
            print('arg是一个方法')
        elif isinstance(arg,FunctionType):
            print('arg是一个函数')
        else:
            print('不知道是什么')
    
    def func():
        pass
    
    class Foo(object):
        def detail(self):
            print("detail")
            pass
        @staticmethod
        def xxx():
            pass
    
    check(func)
    
    obj = Foo()
    check(obj.detail)
    check(obj.xxx)
    反射示例
    from types import MethodType,FunctionType
    import  handler
    
    while True:
        val=input("要执行的函数名")
        if hasattr(handler,val):            # 根据字符串为参数,去类中寻找与之同名的成员。
            fun=getattr(handler,val)           ##  根据字符串为参数,去类中寻找与之同名的成员。
            if isinstance(fun,FunctionType):
                print("是个函数马上执行")
                fun()
            else:
                print("不是函数,是个普通的变量")
        else:
            print("不存在此函数")
    
            ---------------------------------------------
    反射
    class Foo(object):
    
        country = "中国"
    
        def func(self):
            pass
    
    # v = getattr(Foo,'func') # Foo.func # 根据字符串为参数,去类中寻找与之同名的成员。
    # print(v)
    
    # obj = Foo()
    # v = getattr(obj,"func") # obj.func # 根据字符串为参数,去对象中寻找与之同名的成员。
    # print(v)
    getattr # 根据字符串的形式,去对象中找成员。
    hasattr # 根据字符串的形式,去判断对象中是否有成员。
    setattr # 根据字符串的形式,去判断对象动态的设置一个成员(内存)
    delattr # 根据字符串的形式,去判断对象动态的设置一个成员(内存)
    """
    class Foo(object):
    
        def __init__(self,a1):
            self.a1 = a1
            self.a2 = None
    
    obj = Foo(1)
    
    v1 = getattr(obj,'a1')
    print(v1)
    
    setattr(obj,'a2',2)   #设置变量;最好不用在类中使用,但是原变量名一定要在文件中显示,不然其他人看不出来你的变量
    
    v2 = getattr(obj,'a2')   
    print(v2)        
            
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/pythonwork/p/11923411.html
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