• 如何提升数据查询的效率?


    1.首先检查表的结构是否合理,因为采用多表查询的时候,看主外键的引用关系是否适当.如果不适当则重新设置表结构.如果是应用中的系统,则不需要更改表的字段,只更改主外键关系.如果数据库中有较多的数据,还应采用索引提高查询效率.

     

    2.利用索引(index)对查询进行优化,index可以避免对表数据的全面扫描,当你以某个字段建立一个索引的时候,数据库就会生成一个索引页,索引页不单单保存索引的数据,还保存了索引在数据库的具体的物理地址,能够很快的定位查找到要找的记录

     

    3. 如果表的列很少,不适合建索引.表数据很少查询而经常做insert、delete、update动作不适合建索引因为Oracle需要对索引额外维护建立索引后,select会快, 当执行过多次的insert,delete,update,会出现索引碎片,影响查询速度,我们应该对索引进行重组drop掉索引重新create)

     

    4.索引的类型分为

    B-树索引适合于大量的增大多数数据的索引默认类型

    位图索引适合于决策支持系统

    HASH索引分区索引

     

    1、删除重复的数据:tom  22 [3]  scott 18 [2]

    create table tb_test(

    name varchar(18),

    age number,

    address VARCHAR2(18)

    );

    insert into tb_test(name,age,address) values('tom',22,'广州');

    insert into tb_test(name,age,address) values('marry',23,'香港');

    insert into tb_test(name,age,address) values('tom',22,'香港');

    insert into tb_test(name,age,address) values('alice',22,'美国');

    insert into tb_test(name,age,address) values('tom',22,'广州');

    insert into tb_test(name,age,address) values('scott',18,'美国');

    insert into tb_test(name,age,address) values('scott',18,'广州');

     

    删除name所有重复数据

    DELETE FROM tb_test

    WHERE NAME IN

    (

    SELECT NAME

    FROM tb_test

    GROUP BY NAME

    HAVING COUNT(*) > 1

    );

     

    保留一条

    --1.通过创建临时表

    -- 注意当字段比较多(name、age、sex,address、phone...),但是判断重复只是nameage字段就不能使用distince

    create table tb_tmp as select distinct name,age from tb_test;

    truncate table tb_test;--清空表记录

    insert into tb_test(NAME,age) select NAME,age from tb_tmp;--将临时表中的数据插回来

     

    如何通过sql语句完成分页

    Oracl---

    select rownum,bookId from

    [rownum是伪列名,bookId是列名]

    (select rownum row_id,bookId from xiaoWJ_books t)

    t where row_id between 10 and 20

    [1020条记录]

     

    Mysql--

    sql="select * from xiaoWJ_books LIMIT ?,?";

    第一个?是开始位置,第二个?是每页显示多少

     

     

    sqlServer2000--

    select top "+pageSize+" * from xiaoWJ_books where bookId not in

    [去掉前面 "+pageBegin+" 条后显示 "+pageSize+" 条记录]

    (select top "+pageBegin+" bookId from xiaoWJ_books order by bookId)

    [查出整个表的前 "pageBegin" 条记录]

    order by bookId"

     

    2、 紫光笔记本4月份的销售总额

     

    SELECT SUM(s.pamount)

    FROM tb_prod p ,tb_sales s

    WHERE p.id = s.pid

    AND p.type = '笔记本'

    AND p.mark = '紫光'

    AND to_char(s.sdate,'mm') = '04';

     

    MySQLmonth(s.sdate)=‘04’

     

     

    3、找出完成销售业务笔数最少的职员的姓名和他完成的业务数

     

    SELECT e.name,COUNT(*)

    FROM tb_emp e ,tb_sales s

    WHERE e.id = s.eid

    GROUP BY e.name;

     

    -- 1. 使用rownum,但是结果不准确

    SELECT * FROM (

    SELECT e.name,COUNT(*)

    FROM tb_emp e ,tb_sales s

    WHERE e.id = s.eid

    GROUP BY e.name

    ORDER BY COUNT(*)

    ) WHERE ROWNUM = 1;

     

    -- 2.

    SELECT e.name,COUNT(*)

    FROM tb_emp e ,tb_sales s

    WHERE e.id = s.eid

    GROUP BY e.name

    HAVING COUNT(*) =

    (

    SELECT COUNT FROM (

    SELECT e.name,COUNT(*) AS COUNT

    FROM tb_emp e ,tb_sales s

    WHERE e.id = s.eid

    GROUP BY e.name

    ORDER BY COUNT(*)

    ) WHERE ROWNUM = 1

    );

     

    -- 3. 使用 子查询的 ALL

    SELECT e.name,COUNT(*)

    FROM tb_emp e ,tb_sales s

    WHERE e.id = s.eid

    GROUP BY e.name

    HAVING COUNT(*) <= ALL

    (

    SELECT COUNT(*)

    FROM tb_emp e ,tb_sales s

    WHERE e.id = s.eid

    GROUP BY e.name

    );

     

    -- 4. 嵌套函数 min(count(*))

    SELECT e.name,COUNT(*)

    FROM tb_emp e ,tb_sales s

    WHERE e.id = s.eid

    GROUP BY e.name

    HAVING COUNT(*) =

    (

    SELECT MIN(COUNT(*))

    FROM tb_emp e ,tb_sales s

    WHERE e.id = s.eid

    GROUP BY e.name

    );

     

    -- 5.

    SELECT e.name,COUNT(*)

    FROM tb_emp e,tb_sales s

    WHERE e.id = s.eid

    GROUP BY e.name

    HAVING COUNT(*) =

    (

    SELECT min(COUNT(*))

    FROM tb_sales

    GROUP BY eid

    );

    Java Program!
  • 相关阅读:
    腾讯2016春招安全岗笔试题解析
    AlgorithmVisualizer
    agentzh --春哥--调试专家
    大话Java性能优化 BOOK
    《Linux内核分析》-----张超
    ROS中Mangle解析
    shell中trap捕获信号
    虚拟化技术性能总结:Zones, KVM, Xen
    Dtrace on Mac OS X
    linux内核学习-建议路线
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/programb/p/12845121.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知