在ORACLE数据库中，如果没有修改过FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS的话，默认10次尝试失败后就会锁住用户。此时再登录数据库，就会遇到ORA-28000: the account is locked
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM DBA_PROFILES
3 WHERE RESOURCE_NAME='FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS';
PROFILE RESOURCE_NAME RESOURCE LIMIT
------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------- -----
DEFAULT FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS PASSWORD 10
MONITORING_PROFILE FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS PASSWORD UNLIMITED
SQL>
那么在数据库维护过程中，如果出现账号被锁定的情况，如何事后分析是那个IP或主机导致账号被锁定了呢？不同的情形有不同的分析方法，主要看是否开启了数据库审计功能
开启了数据库审计
如果开了审计功能的话，这个分析定位就非常简单容易。因为数据库的审计功能会记录这些信息到数据库当中。
检查是否开启审计，主要查看audit_sys_operations参数是否为TRUE。
SQL> show parameter audit
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/gsp/adum
p
audit_sys_operations boolean TRUE
audit_syslog_level string
audit_trail string DB_EXTENDED
SQL>
如果开启了审计功能，通过下面SQL语句就能轻松找到引起账号锁定的主机（通过主机找到具体IP地址）
----RETURNCODE=1017 表示登录失败返回ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied错误的会话信息。
如果 audit_trail= DB
SELECT USERNAME ,USERHOST ,TIMESTAMP ,RETURNCODE FROM dba_audit_session WHERE USERNAME='TEST' AND RETURNCODE='1017' ORDER BY TIMESTAMP DESC;
如果 audit_trail= OS
grep 1017 $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump/*2019053004* orcl_ora_20432_20190530040340560268143795.aud:SESSIONID:[8] "33072208" ENTRYID:[1] "1" STATEMENT:[1] "1" USERID:[4] "scott" USERHOST:[12] "app-01" ACTION:[3] "100" RETURNCODE:[4] "1017" COMMENT$TEXT:[98] "Authenticated by: DATABASE; Client address: (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.4.15.148)(PORT=47646))" DBID:[10] "1865135537" orcl_ora_20434_20190530040337550602143795.aud:SESSIONID:[8] "33072205" ENTRYID:[1] "1" STATEMENT:[1] "1" USERID:[4] "scott" USERHOST:[12] "app-01" ACTION:[3] "100" RETURNCODE:[4] "1017" COMMENT$TEXT:[98] "Authenticated by: DATABASE; Client address: (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.4.15.148)(PORT=47643))" DBID:[10] "1865135537" orcl_ora_20436_20190530040338555761143795.aud:SESSIONID:[8] "33072209" ENTRYID:[1] "1" STATEMENT:[1] "1" USERID:[4] "scott" USERHOST:[12] "app-01" ACTION:[3] "100" RETURNCODE:[4] "1017" COMMENT$TEXT:[98] "Authenticated by: DATABASE; Client address: (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.4.15.148)(PORT=47642))" DBID:[10] "1865135537" orcl_ora_20438_20190530040343576957143795.aud:SESSIONID:[8] "33072206" ENTRYID:[1] "1" STATEMENT:[1] "1" USERID:[4] "scott" USERHOST:[12] "app-01" ACTION:[3] "100" RETURNCODE:[4] "1017" COMMENT$TEXT:[98] "Authenticated by: DATABASE; Client address: (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.4.15.148)(PORT=47641))" DBID:[10] "1865135537" orcl_ora_20440_20190530040337545737143795.aud:SESSIONID:[8] "33072207" ENTRYID:[1] "1" STATEMENT:[1] "1" USERID:[4] "scott" USERHOST:[12] "app-01" ACTION:[3] "100" RETURNCODE:[4] "1017" COMMENT$TEXT:[98] "Authenticated by: DATABASE; Client address: (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.4.15.148)(PORT=47640))" DBID:[10] "1865135537" orcl_ora_20442_20190530040337548685143795.aud:SESSIONID:[8] "33072210" ENTRYID:[1] "1" STATEMENT:[1] "1" USERID:[4] "scott" USERHOST:[12] "app-01" ACTION:[3] "100" RETURNCODE:[4] "1017" COMMENT$TEXT:[98] "Authenticated by: DATABASE; Client address: (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.4.15.148)(PORT=47639))" DBID:[10] "1865135537"
数据库审计关闭
如果数据库审计功能是关闭的情况下，那么能否定位、找到导致账号锁定的主机或IP地址呢？ 如果出现账号被锁的情况，可以先查一下dba_users试图，看看账号是在什么时间点被锁定的。注意（有些版本有Bug，会出现LOCK_DATE不准确的情况。)
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';
Session altered.
SQL> SELECT username, account_status,lock_date, PROFILE
2 FROM dba_users WHERE username='TEST';
USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS LOCK_DATE PROFILE
------------ ---------------------- ------------------- ----------
TEST LOCKED(TIMED) 2018-06-16 23:49:14 DEFAULT
SQL>
网上有些文章信誓旦旦的宣称通过监听日志可以分析出哪些IP导致账号被锁定了，但是经过动手实验分析，发现通过监听日志文件根本无法定位引起账号锁定的IP地址，原因有两个：
1、 无法通过监听日志判断登录会话是否出现ORA-01017错误，因为登录成功与登录失败遭遇ORA-01017错误的会话的监听日志信息是一样。无法区别！
2、 即使账号锁定的时间能定位到秒，但是生产环境中，一秒内有大量的监听日志生成，根本无法定位是哪一个具体IP
3、 登录失败的会话可能不是连续的。而是在一段时间内生成的。通过分析监听日志根本没有这个可能性！
登陆失败或账户锁定 在Listener Log 和Alert Log 中都找不到相关信息。
不过如果事前你定义了数据库触发器，那么就可以轻松定位到具体IP， 网友提供了一个触发器，如下所示：
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER sys.logon_denied_to_alert AFTER servererror ON DATABASE DECLARE message VARCHAR2(168); ip VARCHAR2(15); v_os_user VARCHAR2(80); v_module VARCHAR2(50); v_action VARCHAR2(50); v_pid VARCHAR2(10); v_sid NUMBER; v_program VARCHAR2(48); v_username VARCHAR2(32); BEGIN IF (ora_is_servererror(1017)) THEN -- get ip FOR remote connections : IF upper(sys_context('userenv', 'network_protocol')) = 'TCP' THEN ip := sys_context('userenv', 'ip_address'); END IF; SELECT sid INTO v_sid FROM sys.v_$mystat WHERE rownum < 2; SELECT p.spid, v.program INTO v_pid, v_program FROM v$process p, v$session v WHERE p.addr = v.paddr AND v.sid = v_sid; v_os_user := sys_context('userenv', 'os_user'); v_username := sys_context('userenv','authenticated_identity'); dbms_application_info.read_module(v_module, v_action); message := to_char(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') || ' Password Erro: logon denied from ' || nvl(ip, 'localhost') || ' ' || v_pid || ' User:' || v_os_user || ' with ' || v_program || ' – ' || v_module || ' ' || v_action||' dbuser:' || v_username; sys.dbms_system.ksdwrt(2, message); END IF; END; /
在客户端使用SQL*Plus测试，模拟输入错误的密码登录数据库
C:Users>sqlplus test/1234@myvm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期日 6月 17 00:35:21 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
此时，触发器捕获到这个错误，就会在告警日志中生成类似下面这样的错误日志信息：
Sun Jun 17 08:01:44 2018
2018-06-17 08:01:44 Password Erro: logon denied from 192.168.125.193 26639 User:KongLB with sqlplus.exe ��� sqlplus.exe dbuser:test
当然，如果你也可以改写该触发器，将捕获的相关信息写入数据库相关表。
转自：https://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/9191983.html