JDK源码学习系列01----String
写在最前面:
这是我JDK源码学习系列的第一篇博文,我知道源码学习这条路很难坚持,但是我始终相信,不积跬步无以至千里。当然啦,兴趣和方法可以让这条路变得很是happy。初步计划是每天早上晨会前看一个类的源码,因为还在实习初期,所以任务不是那么滴繁重,更何况,时间就像那个,挤挤总是有的嘛~~晚上回来写写博文,一是加深理解二来也加深记忆方便以后查阅。学习的步骤当然是先从自己已经用的非常熟练的类入手。
期待这一路的繁花盛景,哈哈~~~
java.lang.String
public final class String implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequenceString 是静态类,不可以被继承,可以被序列化,实现了Comparable接口
1.成员变量
private final char value[]; private final char value[]; private final int offset;//偏移量 private final int count; private int hash;String是以字符数组的形式实现的,变量定义为final,说明String一旦初始化后就不可变,这也是与StringBuffer的最大区别。
2.构造函数
3.常用方法
1.char charAt(int index)
源码很简单,注意参数的判断,养成编程的好习惯,注意细节。
public char charAt(int index) { if ((index < 0) || (index >= count)) {//养成好习惯,参数的判断! throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index); } return value[index + offset]; }2.boolean equals(Object anObject)
原本传入的参数是object型,惭愧自己平时连这个都没有注意,因为源码中已经对问题进行了处理。个人绝对源码中的while(n--!=0)以及if(v1[i++]!=v2[j++])写的很好啊,让总是for的我掩面而过啊~~学习源码的编程风格~
public boolean equals(Object anObject) { if (this == anObject) { return true; } if (anObject instanceof String) { String anotherString = (String)anObject;//注意细节,向下转型 int n = count; if (n == anotherString.count) { char v1[] = value; char v2[] = anotherString.value; int i = offset; int j = anotherString.offset; while (n-- != 0) {//这里写得太精妙了!~~ if (v1[i++] != v2[j++])//点32个赞~~ return false; } return true; } } return false; }
3.boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString)
此源码用于时刻提醒自己,能用 x>y?a:b解决的情况就坚决不要去写if else之类的!!
public boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString) { return (this == anotherString) ? true : (anotherString != null) && (anotherString.count == count) && regionMatches(true, 0, anotherString, 0, count); }4.boolean startsWith(String prefix, int toffset)
注意,第一个参数是String而不是char,哈哈,
public boolean startsWith(String prefix, int toffset) { char ta[] = value; int to = offset + toffset; char pa[] = prefix.value; int po = prefix.offset; int pc = prefix.count; if ((toffset < 0) || (toffset > count - pc)) {//时刻记得参数的考虑 return false; } while (--pc >= 0) {//风格和上面提到的一样~自己写时注意--pc和pc--,还要注意代表的是长度还是下标 if (ta[to++] != pa[po++]) { return false; } } return true; }5.boolean endsWith(String suffix)
这个方法写的简直是大爱啊~~~代码的重用思想也用的很好
public boolean endsWith(String suffix) { return startsWith(suffix, count - suffix.count); }6.String replace(char oldChar, char newChar)
注意,replace参数是char,源码思路是找到第一个出现的oldChar,如果oldChar的下标小于len的下标,把oldChar前面的存到临时变量buf中,把oldChar后面的所有oldChar都变为newChar.
public String replace(char oldChar, char newChar) { if (oldChar != newChar) { int len = count; int i = -1; char[] val = value; int off = offset; while (++i < len) {//!!!学习源码编程风格 if (val[off + i] == oldChar) { break; } } if (i < len) { char buf[] = new char[len]; for (int j = 0 ; j < i ; j++) { buf[j] = val[off+j]; } while (i < len) {//!!!!!!!!!! char c = val[off + i]; buf[i] = (c == oldChar) ? newChar : c; i++; } return new String(0, len, buf); } } return this; }7.int compareTo(String anotherString)
public int compareTo(String anotherString) { int len1 = count; int len2 = anotherString.count; int n = Math.min(len1, len2); char v1[] = value; char v2[] = anotherString.value; int i = offset; int j = anotherString.offset; if (i == j) { int k = i; int lim = n + i; while (k < lim) { char c1 = v1[k]; char c2 = v2[k]; if (c1 != c2) {//一旦不等就reurn return c1 - c2; } k++; } } else { while (n-- != 0) {//漂亮的代码 char c1 = v1[i++]; char c2 = v2[j++]; if (c1 != c2) { return c1 - c2; } } } return len1 - len2; }
8.int compareToIgnoreCase(String str)
此方法采用的是自定义比较器来实现忽略字母大小的比较,比较器类CaseInsensitiveComparator实现了Comparator和Serializable接口。
public int compareToIgnoreCase(String str) { return CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER.compare(this, str); }
public static final Comparator<String> CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER = new CaseInsensitiveComparator(); private static class CaseInsensitiveComparator implements Comparator<String>, java.io.Serializable { // use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.2.2 for interoperability private static final long serialVersionUID = 8575799808933029326L; public int compare(String s1, String s2) { int n1=s1.length(), n2=s2.length(); for (int i1=0, i2=0; i1<n1 && i2<n2; i1++, i2++) { char c1 = s1.charAt(i1); char c2 = s2.charAt(i2); if (c1 != c2) { c1 = Character.toUpperCase(c1); c2 = Character.toUpperCase(c2); if (c1 != c2) { c1 = Character.toLowerCase(c1); c2 = Character.toLowerCase(c2); if (c1 != c2) { return c1 - c2; } } } } return n1 - n2; } }9.String valueOf(Object obj)
将object转换为String,比obj+""和obj.toString()都好,因为从源码中可以看出,valueOf()很好的避免了空指针异常。
public static String valueOf(Object obj) { return (obj == null) ? "null" : obj.toString(); }10.int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex)
对于子串的定位or匹配,若能匹配,返回匹配开始的第一个下标;若是匹配失败则返回-1.
public int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) { return lastIndexOf(value, offset, count, str.value, str.offset, str.count, fromIndex); }
static int lastIndexOf(char[] source, int sourceOffset, int sourceCount, char[] target, int targetOffset, int targetCount, int fromIndex) { /* * Check arguments; return immediately where possible. For * consistency, don't check for null str. */ int rightIndex = sourceCount - targetCount; if (fromIndex < 0) { return -1; } if (fromIndex > rightIndex) { fromIndex = rightIndex; } /* Empty string always matches. */ if (targetCount == 0) { return fromIndex; } int strLastIndex = targetOffset + targetCount - 1; char strLastChar = target[strLastIndex]; int min = sourceOffset + targetCount - 1; int i = min + fromIndex; startSearchForLastChar: while (true) { while (i >= min && source[i] != strLastChar) { i--; } if (i < min) { return -1; } int j = i - 1; int start = j - (targetCount - 1); int k = strLastIndex - 1; while (j > start) { if (source[j--] != target[k--]) { i--; continue startSearchForLastChar; } } return start - sourceOffset + 1; } }11.boolean contains(CharSequence s)
对于CharSequence,是一个接口,String实现了这个接口。其实这个方法传入的参数就是字符串,那为什么不直接以String作为参数呢,因为此处还可以是StringBuffer和StringBuilder等。此方法用于检查是否包含子串,作用上和indexOf类似,从源码可以看出,contains实际上就是调用了indexOf方法。
public boolean contains(CharSequence s) { return indexOf(s.toString()) > -1; }