原文发表于cu:2016-05-24
现象:启动sshd服务时,虽看似服务启动成功,但客户端并不能连接上sshd服务器端。如下:
[root@aefe8007a17d ~]# /usr/sbin/sshd Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
原因:
1. 从提示信息看是sshd守护进程不能加载主机密钥文件,因为找不到这些密钥文件(配置文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config中已定义密钥文件名与路径);
2. 一般openssh服务正常安装后,主机会自动生成相应的主机密钥文件,但这里因未知原因并没有完成这一步动作,导致无法远程ssh连接。
ps:检查密钥文件是否存在(还有一种现象为:密钥文件存在,但文件大小为0):
[root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ll /etc/ssh/ total 252 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 242153 Mar 21 22:18 moduli -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2208 Mar 21 22:18 ssh_config -rw------- 1 root root 4361 Mar 21 22:18 sshd_config
解决方案,重新生成主机密钥文件:
1. 生成rsa_key (-t表示生成的密钥所使用的加密类型;-f项后接要生成的密钥文件名);
[root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key. Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub. The key fingerprint is: 5e:2d:19:51:b1:e3:e0:60:65:53:e4:14:f8:d8:38:af root@aefe8007a17d The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | ==Bo | | o.= . | | o o=+ | | . o+*o. | | S =oo | | . . .. | | . . | | E | | | +-----------------+ [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
2. 生成ecdsa_key;
[root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
3. 生成ed25519_key。
[root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
验证:
1. 再次检查密钥文件是否存在且合规,可以看到已生成相应主机密钥文件(实际上主机密钥文件为私钥,.pub文件为公钥):
[root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ll /etc/ssh/ total 276 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 242153 Mar 21 22:18 moduli -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2208 Mar 21 22:18 ssh_config -rw------- 1 root root 227 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ecdsa_key -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 179 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub -rw------- 1 root root 411 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ed25519_key -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 99 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub -rw------- 1 root root 1679 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_rsa_key -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 399 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_rsa_key.pub -rw------- 1 root root 4361 Mar 21 22:18 sshd_config
2. 此时客户端可ssh连接上sshd服务器端:
[root@localhost ~]# ssh 172.17.0.2 The authenticity of host '172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is 37:2a:69:46:c4:bd:92:b2:43:b4:cc:42:41:8e:12:2e. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?