• Oracle 语法之 OVER (PARTITION BY ..) 及开窗函数


    oracle的分析函数over 及开窗函数
    一:分析函数over
    Oracle从8.1.6开始提供分析函数,分析函数用于计算基于组的某种聚合值,它和聚合函数的不同之处是
    对于每个组返回多行,而聚合函数对于每个组只返回一行。 
    下面通过几个例子来说明其应用。                                       
    1:统计某商店的营业额。        
         date       sale
         1           20
         2           15
         3           14
         4           18
         5           30
        规则:按天统计:每天都统计前面几天的总额
        得到的结果:
        DATE   SALE       SUM
        ----- -------- ------
        1      20        20           --1天           
        2      15        35           --1天+2天           
        3      14        49           --1天+2天+3天           
        4      18        67            .          
        5      30        97            .
         
    2:统计各班成绩第一名的同学信息
        NAME   CLASS S                         
        ----- ----- ---------------------- 
        fda    1      80                     
        ffd    1      78                     
        dss    1      95                     
        cfe    2      74                     
        gds    2      92                     
        gf     3      99                     
        ddd    3      99                     
        adf    3      45                     
        asdf   3      55                     
        3dd    3      78              
       
        通过:   
        --
        select * from                                                                       
        (                                                                            
        select name,class,s,rank()over(partition by class order by s desc) mm from t2
        )                                                                            
        where mm=1 
        --
        得到结果:
        NAME   CLASS S                       MM                                                                                        
        ----- ----- ---------------------- ---------------------- 
        dss    1      95                      1                      
        gds    2      92                      1                      
        gf     3      99                      1                      
        ddd    3      99                      1          
       
        注意:
        1.在求第一名成绩的时候,不能用row_number(),因为如果同班有两个并列第一,row_number()只返回一个结果          
        2.rank()和dense_rank()的区别是:
          --rank()是跳跃排序,有两个第二名时接下来就是第四名
          --dense_rank()l是连续排序,有两个第二名时仍然跟着第三名
         
         
    3.分类统计 (并显示信息)
        A   B   C                      
        -- -- ---------------------- 
        m   a   2                      
        n   a   3                      
        m   a   2                      
        n   b   2                      
        n   b   1                      
        x   b   3                      
        x   b   2                      
        x   b   4                      
        h   b   3
       select a,c,sum(c)over(partition by a) from t2                
       得到结果:
       A   B   C        SUM(C)OVER(PARTITIONBYA)      
       -- -- ------- ------------------------ 
       h   b   3        3                        
       m   a   2        4                        
       m   a   2        4                        
       n   a   3        6                        
       n   b   2        6                        
       n   b   1        6                        
       x   b   3        9                        
       x   b   2        9                        
       x   b   4        9                        
      
       如果用sum,group by 则只能得到
       A   SUM(C)                            
       -- ---------------------- 
       h   3                      
       m   4                      
       n   6                      
       x   9                      
       无法得到B列值       
      
    =====

    select * from test

    数据:
    A B C 
    1 1 1 
    1 2 2 
    1 3 3 
    2 2 5 
    3 4 6 


    ---将B栏位值相同的对应的C 栏位值加总
    select a,b,c, SUM(C) OVER (PARTITION BY B) C_Sum
    from test

    A B C C_SUM 
    1 1 1 1 
    1 2 2 7 
    2 2 5 7 
    1 3 3 3 
    3 4 6 6 



    ---如果不需要已某个栏位的值分割,那就要用 null

    eg: 就是将C的栏位值summary 放在每行后面

    select a,b,c, SUM(C) OVER (PARTITION BY null) C_Sum
    from test

    A B C C_SUM 
    1 1 1 17 
    1 2 2 17 
    1 3 3 17 
    2 2 5 17 
    3 4 6 17

    求个人工资占部门工资的百分比

    SQL> select * from salary;

    NAME DEPT SAL
    ---------- ---- -----
    a 10 2000
    b 10 3000
    c 10 5000
    d 20 4000

    SQL> select name,dept,sal,sal*100/sum(sal) over(partition by dept) percent from salary;

    NAME DEPT SAL PERCENT
    ---------- ---- ----- ----------
    a 10 2000 20
    b 10 3000 30
    c 10 5000 50
    d 20 4000 100

    二:开窗函数           
          开窗函数指定了分析函数工作的数据窗口大小,这个数据窗口大小可能会随着行的变化而变化,举例如下: 
    1:     
       over(order by salary) 按照salary排序进行累计,order by是个默认的开窗函数
       over(partition by deptno)按照部门分区
    2:
      over(order by salary range between 5 preceding and 5 following)
       每行对应的数据窗口是之前行幅度值不超过5,之后行幅度值不超过5
       例如:对于以下列
         aa
         1
         2
         2
         2
         3
         4
         5
         6
         7
         9
       
       sum(aa)over(order by aa range between 2 preceding and 2 following)
       得出的结果是
                AA                       SUM
                ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- 
                1                       10                                                      
                2                       14                                                      
                2                       14                                                      
                2                       14                                                      
                3                       18                                                      
                4                       18                                                      
                5                       22                                                      
                6                       18                                                                
                7                       22                                                                
                9                       9                                                                 
                 
       就是说,对于aa=5的一行 ,sum为   5-1<=aa<=5+2 的和
       对于aa=2来说 ,sum=1+2+2+2+3+4=14     ;
       又如 对于aa=9 ,9-1<=aa<=9+2 只有9一个数,所以sum=9    ;
                  
    3:其它:
         over(order by salary rows between 2 preceding and 4 following)
              每行对应的数据窗口是之前2行,之后4行 
    4:下面三条语句等效:           
         over(order by salary rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)
              每行对应的数据窗口是从第一行到最后一行,等效:
         over(order by salary range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)
               等效
         over(partition by null)
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mryanglin/p/3955645.html
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