一、实验目标
- 掌握静态路由的配置方法和技巧；
- 掌握通过静态路由方式实现网络的连通性；
- 熟悉广域网线缆的连接方式；
二、实验背景
学校有新旧两个校区，每个校区是一个独立的局域网，为了使新旧校区能够正常相互通讯，共享资源，每个校区出口利用一台路由器进行连接，两台路由器间学校申请了一条2M的DDN专线进行相连，要求你做适当配置实现两个校区间的正常相互访问。
三、技术原理
路由器属于网络层设备，能够根据IP包头的信息，选择一条最佳路径将数据包转发出去，实现不同网段的主机之间的互相访问。路由器是根据路由表进行选路和转发的，而路由表就是由一条条路由信息组成。
生成路由表主要有两种方法：手工配置和动态配置，即静态路由协议配置和动态路由协议配置。
静态路由是指由网络管理员手工配置的路由信息。
静态路由除了具有简单、高效、可靠的优点外，它的另一个好处是网络安全保密性高。
缺省路由可以看作是静态路由的一种特殊情况。当数据在查找路由表时，没有找到和目标相匹配的路由表项时，为数据指定的路由。
四、实验步骤
实验拓扑
1、在路由器R1、R2上配置接口的IP地址和R1串口上的时钟频率；
2、查看路由器生成的直连路由；
3、在路由器R1、R2上配置静态路由；
4、验证R1、R2上的静态路由配置；
5、将PC1、PC2主机默认网关分别设置为与路由器接口f1/0 IP地址；
6、PC1、PC2主机之间可以互相通信；
R1:
Router>
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface fa1/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface serial 2/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
R1#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.5.3
R1(config)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.5.3
C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R1#
R2:
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#interface fa1/0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface serial 2/0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.3 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#end
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.5.2
R2(config)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.5.2
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R2#
五、测试
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 192.168.1.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.1
PC>ping 192.168.2.2
Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=21ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 16ms, Maximum = 21ms, Average = 18ms
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