动态存储类
StrVec Class Design
StrVec Class Definition
class StrVec { public: //构造函数 StrVec():elements(nullptr), first_free(nullptr), cap(nullptr){} //用initializer_list<string>初始化參数列表 StrVec(initializer_list<string> il):StrVec(il){} //拷贝构造函数 StrVec(const StrVec&); //拷贝赋值运算符 StrVec &operator=(const StrVec&); //析构函数 ~StrVec(); void push_back(const string&); //拷贝元素进入队列 size_t size() const {return first_free-elements;} //队列存放元素个数 size_t capacity() const {return cap-elements;} //队列存储空间大小 string* begin() const {return elements;} //起始指针 string* end() const {return first_free;} //第一个为空的元素 //。。。 private: // vector<string> vs; allocator<string> alloc; //分配元素 //推断是否要加入新的内存空间 void chk_n_alloc() { if(size() == capacity()) //推断数据长度是否已经达到分配空间的上限 reallocate(); //假设是,那么就又一次分配空间 } //用到拷贝构造函数,拷贝赋值运算符,析构函数的工具函数 pair<string*, string*> alloc_n_copy(const string*, const string*); void free(); //销毁这个类的元素,并释放空间 void reallocate(); //又一次分配空间而且把原来的元素移动到新空间上 string *elements; //指向这个队列的第一个元素 string *first_free; //指向这个队列第一个为空的元素,即最后元素的后一位 string *cap; //指向最后一个空间位置后一位 };
English explain:
• The default constructor (implicitly) default initializes alloc and (explicitly)
initializes the pointers to nullptr, indicating that there are no elements.
• The size member returns the number of elements actually in use, which is
equal to first_free - elements.
• The capacity member returns the number of elements that the StrVec can
hold, which is equal to cap - elements.
• The chk_n_alloc causes the StrVec to be reallocated when there is no room
to add another element, which happens when cap == first_free.
• The begin and end members return pointers to the first (i.e., elements) and
one past the last constructed element (i.e., first_free), respectively.
• The default constructor (implicitly) default initializes alloc and (explicitly)
initializes the pointers to nullptr, indicating that there are no elements.
• The size member returns the number of elements actually in use, which is
equal to first_free - elements.
• The capacity member returns the number of elements that the StrVec can
hold, which is equal to cap - elements.
• The chk_n_alloc causes the StrVec to be reallocated when there is no room
to add another element, which happens when cap == first_free.
• The begin and end members return pointers to the first (i.e., elements) and
one past the last constructed element (i.e., first_free), respectively.
Using construct
void StrVec::push_back(const string& s) { chk_n_alloc(); //检查看是否须要又一次分配空间 //吧元素s复制到first_free之后 alloc.construct(first_free++, s); //一个空间就是一个string大小 }
The alloc_n_copy Member
拷贝构造函数。拷贝赋值运算符,析构函数的工具函数
inline pair<string*, string*> StrVec::alloc_n_copy(const string* b, const string* e) //開始和结尾指针 { //要拷贝对象要求的空间大小 auto data=alloc.allocate(e-b); //吧b,e之间的元素复制到data中 //返回一个pair pair<string*, string*> p={data, uninitialized_copy(b, e, data)}; return p; }
The free Member
void StrVec::free() { //假设头指针本身就是空的,那么就不用释放内存了,由于就是空的 if(elements) { //倒序,一个个的吧元素删除,内存释放 for(auto p=first_free ; p != elements ; /* empty ) alloc.destroy(--p); alloc.deallocate(elements, cap-elements); /* deallocate(p,n); 释放内存。 在类型为T*的指针p指向的地址,保存着n个对象。 执行deallocate之前调用destroy是用户的责任。Once the elements have been destroyed, we free the space that this StrVec allocated by calling deallocate */
}
}
这里有一个错误演示。我也还没搞懂为什么报错,调了半天没出来,仅仅要留在这里,以后攻克了。
void StrVec::free() { if(elements) { for_each(first_free, elements, [this](string* p){alloc.destroy(--p);}); alloc.deallocate(elements, cap-first_free); } }
2014年7月18日17:57:47
改正错误:
void StrVec::free() { if(elements) { for_each(first_free, elements, [this](string& p){alloc.destroy(&p);}); alloc.deallocate(elements, cap-first_free); } }
Copy-Control Members
StrVec::StrVec(const StrVec &s) { // call alloc_n_copy to allocate exactly as many elements as in s auto newdata=alloc_n_copy(s.begin(), s.end()); //pair类型 elements=newdata.first; first_free=cap=newdata.second; //The return value from alloc_n_copy is a pair of pointers. }
The destructor calls free:
inline StrVec::~StrVec() { free(); }
拷贝赋值运算符
StrVec &StrVec::operator=(const StrVec &rhs) { //先把要赋值的值拷贝下来 auto data=alloc_n_copy(rhs.begin(), rhs.end()); free(); //吧右边的值销毁 //又一次赋予给左边 elements=data.first; first_free=cap=data.second; return *this; }
Moving, Not Copying, Elements during Reallocation
move在头文件utility里面
The reallocate Member
void StrVec::reallocate() { //直接把当前容量扩充到2倍 auto newcapacity=size() ? 2*size() : 1 ; //allocate新内存 auto newdata=alloc.allocate(newcapacity); //申请新空间 //吧元素重老的地方移到新的地方 auto dest=newdata; //指出新空间第一个空位置 auto elem=elements; //老队列的第一个元素 //所有构造到新的里面去 for(size_t i=0 ; i != size() ; ++i) alloc.construct(dest++, std::move(*elem++)); //循环吧老的元素移动到新的上 free(); //移完了,把老空间所有释放 //又一次更新数据指针 elements=newdata; first_free=dest; cap=elements+newcapacity; }
PS:不要问我。为什么你的英语突然变得那么厉害了!。。我是不会告诉你我的那本中文版的C++ primer被我搞掉了的!。。!