javafx之CSS初探

 文档：http://www.haogongju.net/art/1807238

javafx中的css元素必须有-fx-前缀。

一、介绍

java8中新增了javafx.css开放了css相关api。

选择器分类：

Type选择器：通过Node的getTypeSelector可以获取

id选择器：通过设定id=属性（注意这里的id不是fx:id）

styleClass属性： styleClass可以使用class选择器

选择器命名规范：如ToggleButton需要写成：toggle-button

与w3c css语法的一些区别：

1.不支持 @font‑face, @-keyword 等

2.不支持层次伪类选择器

3.伪类:active,:focus等，在Nodes中变为:pressed, :focused

4.超链接伪类:link,:visited变为:visited

5.javafx中不支持逗号序列的值，如不能再-fx-font-family以逗号分隔同时指导fontsize等

6.javafx css使用HSB颜色模型代替HSL

7、javafx css不会对uri进行编码

关于Inheritance继承

举例：

Scene scene = new Scene(new Group()); 
scene.getStylesheets().add(“test.css”); 
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(100,100); 
rect.setLayoutX(50); 
rect.setLayoutY(50); 
rect.getStyleClass().add("my-rect"); 
((Group)scene.getRoot()).getChildren().add(rect);

.my-rect { -fx-fill: red; }

.my-rect {
  -fx-fill: yellow;
  -fx-stroke: green;
  -fx-stroke- 5;
  -fx-stroke-dash-array: 12 2 4 2;
  -fx-stroke-dash-offset: 6;
  -fx-stroke-line-cap: butt;
}

语法排错：

WARNING: com.sun.javafx.css.parser.CSSParser declaration Expected '<percent>' while parsing '-fx-background-color' at ?[1,49]

<url>[line, position]

Types

inherit

boolean

string

number

integer

size

angle

point {x,y}

percentage %

uri url( http://example.com )

effect:

 javafx css支持DropShadow与InnerShadow

dropshadow( <blur-type> , <color> , <number> , <number> , <number> , <number> )

inne rshadow( <blur-type> ,  <color>  ,  <number>  ,  <number>  ,  <number>  ,  <number>  )
<blur-type> = [ gaussian | one-pass-box | three-pass-box | two-pass-box ]

font

-fx-font-family: [serif/sans-serif/cursive/fantasy/monospace]

-fx-font-size

-fx-font-style: [normal| italic | oblique]

-fx-font-weight: [normal| bold| bolder| lighter| 100| ...|900]

-fx-font: [[ <font-style> || <font-weight> ]? <font-size> <font-family> ]

paint

<color>  |  <linear-gradient>  |  <radial-gradient>  |  <image-pattern>

<repeating-image-pattern>

Linear Gradients <linear-gradient>

linear-gradient( [ [from  <point>  to  <point> ] | [ to <side-or-corner>], ]? [ [ repeat | reflect ], ]?  <color-stop> [,  <color-stop> ]+) 

t from top left to bottom right of the filled area with red at the top left corner and black at the bottom right.

linear-gradient(to bottom right, red, black)

  linear-gradient(from 0% 0% to 100% 100%, red 0%, black 100%)

create a 50px high bar at the top with a 3 color gradient with white underneath  for the rest of the filled area.

linear-gradient(from 0px 0px  to 0px 50px, gray, darkgray 50%, dimgray 99%, white)

Radial Gradient <radial-gradient>

radial-gradient([ focus-angle <angle>, ]? [ focus-distance <percentage>, ]? [ center <point>, ]? radius [ <length> | <percentage> ] [ [ repeat | reflect ], ]?<color-stop>[, <color-stop>]+)

radial-gradient(radius 100%, red, darkgray, black)

radial-gradient(focus-angle 45deg, focus-distance 20%, center 25% 25%, radius 50%, reflect, gray, darkgray 75%, dimgray)

Image Paint <image-pattern>

image-pattern( <string> , [ <size> ,  <size> ,  <size> ,  <size> [,  <boolean> ]?]?)

<string>  The URL of the image.
<size>  The  x  origin of the anchor rectangle.
<size>  The  y  origin of the anchor rectangle.
<size>  The width of the anchor rectangle.
<size>  The height of the anchor rectangle.
<boolean>  The proportional flag which indicates whether start and end locations are proportional  or absolute

image-pattern("images/Duke.png")

image-pattern("images/Duke.png", 20%, 20%, 80%, 80%)

image-pattern("images/Duke.png", 20%, 20%, 80%, 80%, true)

image-pattern("images/Duke.png", 20, 20, 80, 80, false)

image-pattern("images/Duke.png", 0, 0, imageWidth, imageHeight, false)

repeating-image-pattern("com/mycompany/myapp/images/Duke.png")

color

.button {
    -fx-background-color: red;
}

looked-up Colors:很有用的一个特性可以引用颜色值，举例秒懂

.root { abc: #f00 }
.button { -fx-background-color: abc }

rgb colors:

.label { -fx-text-fill: #f00 } /* #rgb */

• .label { -fx-text-fill: #ff0000 } /* #rrggbb */
• .label { -fx-text-fill: rgb(255,0,0) }
• .label { -fx-text-fill: rgb(100%, 0%, 0%) }
• .label { -fx-text-fill: rgba(255,0,0,1) }

javafx一些类中的css属性：

Stage

PopupWindow没有可以被css styled的properties，但是PopupWindow可以有自己的scene，可以通过scene的root节点

root.popup来进行styled

Nodes

Node类：

-fx-blend-mode; -fx-cursor; -fx-effect; -fx-focus-tranversable; -fx-opacity; 

-fx-rotate; -fx-scale-x/y/z; -fx-translate-x/y/z

visibility: [ visible | hidden | collapse | inherit ]

伪类：disabled,focused,hover,pressed,show-mnemonic

Scene:

ImageView: -fx-image

Region:

没一个Region包含：

1. background fills： -fx-background-color/radius/insets
2. background images : -fx-background-image/repeat/position/size
3. border strokes:
4. border images:
5. contents:

  Region的形状相关：-fx-shape; -fx-scale-shape

-fx-min-width, -fx-pref-width; -fx-max-width

FlowPane:

-fx-hgap; -fx-vgap;-fx-alignment;-fx-orientation

GridPane

-fx-hgap; -fx-vgap; -fx-alignment; -fx-grid-lines-visible

HBox

-fx-spacing; -fx-alignment;-fx-fill-height

Shape

-fx-fill; -fx-smooth; -fx-stroke; -fx-stroke-type; -fx-stroke-dash-array/offset; -fx-stroke-line-cap/join

-fx-stroke-miter-limit; -fx-stroke-width

Text

-fx-font; -fx-text-alignment; -fx-underline

Button

伪类：cancel , default,armed

Cell

伪类：empty,filled,selected

CheckBox

伪类：selected,determinate,indeterminate

CheckMenuItem:

ComboBox:

伪类：editable,showing,armed

Control:

-fx-skin: -fx-focus-taversable

Hyperlink

-fx-cursor

伪类：visited

ListView:

-fx-orientation

伪类：horizentat,vertical

Menu:

伪类：showing

ProgressIndicator

-fx-indeterminate-segment-count

-fx-progress-color

-fx-spin-enabled

伪类：determinate,indeterminate

ProgressBar

-fx-indeterminate-bar-length/escape/flip/animation-time

ScrollBar

-fx-orientation; -fx-block-increment;-fx-unit-increment

伪类：vertical, horizental

TextInputControl

-fx-prompt-text-fill; -fx-highlight-fill; -fx-dislay-caret

关于长度单位的补充：

Relative

• px : pixels, relative to the viewing device
• em : the 'font-size' of the relevant font
• ex : the 'x-height' of the relevant font

Absolute

• in : inches — 1 inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters.
• cm : centimeters
• mm : millimeters
• pt : points — the points used by CSS 2.1 are equal to 1/72nd of an inch.
• pc : picas — 1 pica is equal to 12 points.

关于角度的补充

• deg : angle in degrees - all other angle units are converted to degrees.
• rad : angle in radians
• grad : angle in gradians
• turn : angle in turns

关于常见颜色的补充：

aliceblue = #f0f8ff	antiquewhite = #faebd7	aqua = #00ffff	aquamarine = #7fffd4
azure = #f0ffff	beige = #f5f5dc	bisque = #ffe4c4	black = #000000
blanchedalmond = #ffebcd	blue = #0000ff	blueviolet = #8a2be2	brown = #a52a2a
burlywood = #deb887	cadetblue = #5f9ea0	chartreuse = #7fff00	chocolate = #d2691e
coral = #ff7f50	cornflowerblue = #6495ed	cornsilk = #fff8dc	crimson = #dc143c
cyan = #00ffff	darkblue = #00008b	darkcyan = #008b8b	darkgoldenrod = #b8860b
darkgray = #a9a9a9	darkgreen = #006400	darkgrey = #a9a9a9	darkkhaki = #bdb76b
darkmagenta = #8b008b	darkolivegreen = #556b2f	darkorange = #ff8c00	darkorchid = #9932cc
darkred = #8b0000	darksalmon = #e9967a	darkseagreen = #8fbc8f	darkslateblue = #483d8b
darkslategray = #2f4f4f	darkslategrey = #2f4f4f	darkturquoise = #00ced1	darkviolet = #9400d3
deeppink = #ff1493	deepskyblue = #00bfff	dimgray = #696969	dimgrey = #696969
dodgerblue = #1e90ff	firebrick = #b22222	floralwhite = #fffaf0	forestgreen = #228b22
fuchsia = #ff00ff	gainsboro = #dcdcdc	ghostwhite = #f8f8ff	gold = #ffd700
goldenrod = #daa520	gray = #808080	green = #008000	greenyellow = #adff2f
grey = #808080	honeydew = #f0fff0	hotpink = #ff69b4	indianred = #cd5c5c
indigo = #4b0082	ivory = #fffff0	khaki = #f0e68c	lavender = #e6e6fa
lavenderblush = #fff0f5	lawngreen = #7cfc00	lemonchiffon = #fffacd	lightblue = #add8e6
lightcoral = #f08080	lightcyan = #e0ffff	lightgoldenrodyellow = #fafad2	lightgray = #d3d3d3
lightgreen = #90ee90	lightgrey = #d3d3d3	lightpink = #ffb6c1	lightsalmon = #ffa07a
lightseagreen = #20b2aa	lightskyblue = #87cefa	lightslategray = #778899	lightslategrey = #778899
lightsteelblue = #b0c4de	lightyellow = #ffffe0	lime = #00ff00	limegreen = #32cd32
linen = #faf0e6	magenta = #ff00ff	maroon = #800000	mediumaquamarine = #66cdaa
mediumblue = #0000cd	mediumorchid = #ba55d3	mediumpurple = #9370db	mediumseagreen = #3cb371
mediumslateblue = #7b68ee	mediumspringgreen = #00fa9a	mediumturquoise = #48d1cc	mediumvioletred = #c71585
midnightblue = #191970	mintcream = #f5fffa	mistyrose = #ffe4e1	moccasin = #ffe4b5
navajowhite = #ffdead	navy = #000080	oldlace = #fdf5e6	olive = #808000
olivedrab = #6b8e23	orange = #ffa500	orangered = #ff4500	orchid = #da70d6
palegoldenrod = #eee8aa	palegreen = #98fb98	paleturquoise = #afeeee	palevioletred = #db7093
papayawhip = #ffefd5	peachpuff = #ffdab9	peru = #cd853f	pink = #ffc0cb
plum = #dda0dd	powderblue = #b0e0e6	purple = #800080	red = #ff0000
rosybrown = #bc8f8f	royalblue = #4169e1	saddlebrown = #8b4513	salmon = #fa8072
sandybrown = #f4a460	seagreen = #2e8b57	seashell = #fff5ee	sienna = #a0522d
silver = #c0c0c0	skyblue = #87ceeb	slateblue = #6a5acd	slategray = #708090
slategrey = #708090	snow = #fffafa	springgreen = #00ff7f	steelblue = #4682b4
tan = #d2b48c	teal = #008080	thistle = #d8bfd8	tomato = #ff6347
turquoise = #40e0d0	violet = #ee82ee	wheat = #f5deb3	white = #ffffff
whitesmoke = #f5f5f5	yellow = #ffff00	yellowgreen = #9acd32	transparent = rgba(0,0,0,0)