JDK源码分析：Short.java

　　Short是基本数据类型short的包装类。

　　1）声明部：

public final class Short extends Number implements Comparable<Short> 

　　extends Number，override methods：

public abstract int intValue();    
public abstract float floatValue();    
public abstract long longValue();    
public abstract double doubleValue();    
public byte byteValue() {    
    return (byte)intValue();    
}    
public short shortValue() {    
    return (short)intValue();    
}

　　implements Comparable<Short> ：

public int compareTo(Short anotherShort) {
        return compare(this.value, anotherShort.value);
    }

public static int compare(short x, short y) {
        return x - y;
    }

　　2）私有静态内部类

private static class ShortCache {  
    private ShortCache(){}  
  
    static final Short cache[] = new Short[-(-128) + 127 + 1];  
  
    static {  
        for(int i = 0; i < cache.length; i++)  
            cache[i] = new Short((short)(i - 128));  
    }  
}

　　Short类加载的时候，加载该内部类，内部类静态模块代码执行，初始化缓存对象数组。

　　3）Short初始化方法：

　　通过构造函数初始化，构造函数如下：

//构造函数方法重载  
public Short(String s) throws NumberFormatException {  
    this.value = parseShort(s, 10);  
}  
//构造函数方法重载  
public Short(short value) {  
    this.value = value;  
}

　　通过调用转换的方法，该系列方法如下：

public static short parseShort(String s, int radix)  
    throws NumberFormatException {  
    int i = Integer.parseInt(s, radix);  
    if (i < MIN_VALUE || i > MAX_VALUE)  
        throw new NumberFormatException(  
            "Value out of range. Value:"" + s + "" Radix:" + radix);  
    return (short)i;  
}  
public static short parseShort(String s) throws NumberFormatException {  
    return parseShort(s, 10);  
}  
public static Short valueOf(String s, int radix)  
    throws NumberFormatException {  
    return valueOf(parseShort(s, radix));  
}  
public static Short valueOf(String s) throws NumberFormatException {  
    return valueOf(s, 10);  
}  
public static Short valueOf(short s) {  
    final int offset = 128;  
    int sAsInt = s;  
    if (sAsInt >= -128 && sAsInt <= 127) { // must cache  
        return ShortCache.cache[sAsInt + offset];  
    }  
    return new Short(s);
} 

　　观察代码之间的调用关系。第一个方法返回short类型，第五个方法通过取缓存获得Short对象。

　　初始化例子：

short  s_1 = 1;  
String str_1 = "1";  
Short s1 = new Short(str_1);  
Short s2 = new Short(s_1);  
Short s3 = s_1;  
Short s4 = Short.parseShort(str_1);  
Short s5 = Short.valueOf(str_1);  
s1 == s2;//fasle  
s1 == s3;//fasle  
s2 == s3;//fasle  
s4 == s3;//true  
s5 == s3;//true

　　结论：同Byte.class分析，short类型自动装箱会去获取缓存的对象（-128~127）；使用构造函数初始化new，是一个新的对象，不从缓存里去获取对象。

　　4）其他方法

//解码，将short范围内的二进制，八进制，十六进制转换为十进制  
public static Short decode(String nm) throws NumberFormatException {  
    int i = Integer.decode(nm);  
    if (i < MIN_VALUE || i > MAX_VALUE)  
        throw new NumberFormatException(  
                "Value " + i + " out of range from input " + nm);  
    return valueOf((short)i);  
}  
  
public static String toString(short s) {  
    return Integer.toString((int)s, 10);  
}  
public String toString() {  
    return Integer.toString((int)value);  
}  
  
@Override  
public int hashCode() {  
    return Short.hashCode(value);  
}  
public static int hashCode(short value) {  
    return (int)value;  
}  
public boolean equals(Object obj) {  
    if (obj instanceof Short) {  
        return value == ((Short)obj).shortValue();  
    }  
    return false;  
}  
  
public static int toUnsignedInt(short x) {  
    return ((int) x) & 0xffff;  
}  
public static long toUnsignedLong(short x) {  
    return ((long) x) & 0xffffL;  
}  
//Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the two's   
//complement representation of the specified {@code short} value.  
public static short reverseBytes(short i) {  
    return (short) (((i & 0xFF00) >> 8) | (i << 8));  
}  

　　e.g：

short  s_1 = 1;  
short s_2 = -1;  
String str_2 = "0x21";  
Short s6 = Short.decode(str_2);//33  
Out.println(s6.toString());//33  
Out.println(Short.toString(s6.shortValue()));//33  
Out.println(s6.hashCode());//33  
Out.println(Short.toUnsignedInt(s_1));//1  
Out.println(Short.toUnsignedInt(s_2));//65535  
Out.println(Short.toUnsignedLong(s_1));//1  
Out.println(Short.toUnsignedLong(s_2));//65535  
Out.println(s4.equals(s1));//true  
//高位低位反转 正数  
Short s7 = 2;  
Short s8 = Short.reverseBytes(s7);  
Out.println(s8);//512  
//负数  
short s_3 = (short)-0B000000000000011;//符号位直接使用符号替代，声明使用原码，运算时候使用补码，根据运算结果得出补码，再转为原码  
short s_4 = (short)-0B000001000000001;  
Out.println(s_4 == Short.reverseBytes(s_3));//true 

　　5）属性：

Out.println("MAX:" + Short.MAX_VALUE);  
Out.println("MIN:" + Short.MIN_VALUE);  
Out.println("BYTES:" + Short.BYTES);  
Out.println("bit size:" + Short.SIZE);  
Out.println("primitive type:" + Short.TYPE);  
  
MAX:32767  
MIN:-32768  
BYTES:2  
bit size:16  
primitive type:short