基于TCP协议的网络编程
TCP/IP协议是一种可靠的网络协议,它的通信的两端各自建立一个Socket,从而在通信的两端之间形成网络虚拟链路。
Java使用Socket对象来代表两端的通信端口,并通过Socket产生IO流来进行网络通信。
1、ServerSocket
java中能接收其他通信实体连接请求的类是ServerSocket,他会监听来自客户端Socket连接,如果没有连接,它将一直处于等待状态。
ServerSocket常用方法:
Socket accept():如果接收到客户端Socket的连接请求,返回一个与客户端Socket对应的Socket(每个TCP连接有两个Socket),否则一直处于等待状态,线程被阻塞。
ServerSocket构造器:
ServerSocket(int port):指定端口创建ServerSocket.
ServerSocket(int port ,int backlog):增加一个用来改变连接队列长度的参数backlog.
ServerSocket(int port ,int backlog ,InetAddress localAddr):机器有多IP时候,可以指定IP创建ServerSocket.
2、使用Socket进行通信
客户端可以使用Socket的构造器连接到指定服务器,Socket有两个构造器:
Socket(InetAddress/String remoteAddress,int port):创建连接到指定远程主机、远程端口的Socket,该构造器没有指定本地地址、本地端口,默认使用本机默认ip,默认使用系统动态分配的端口。
Socket(InetAddress/String remoteAddress,int port,InetAddress localAddr,int localPort):穿件Socket带有本地IP和port
package net; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; public class SocketServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { //定义服务端口号 int port = 7000; //获取ServerSocket对象 ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port); while(true) { //监听来自客户端的连接 Socket socket =serverSocket.accept(); PrintStream pis = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream()); pis.print("Hi:来自服务端的问候"); pis.close(); socket.close(); } } } package net; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.PrintStream; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.UnknownHostException; public class SocketClient { public static void main(String[] args) { //定义客户端端口 int port = 7000; //获取Socket Socket socket = null; BufferedReader br = null; try { socket = new Socket("localhost",port); //设置10s超时 socket.setSoTimeout(10000); br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); //获取数据 System.out.println(br.readLine()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { br.close(); socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
3、加入多线程
上面程序只是简单的实现了Server和Client的简单通信:服务器接收到客户端的连接后想客户端发送了一个字符串,客户端读取字符串后就退出了。
实际应用中客户端可能需要跟服务器保持长时间通信,在使用传统的BufferReader的readLine方法读取数据时,在该方法返回成功之前,线程被阻塞,考虑到此点,所以服务器端应该为每个Socket单独启动一个线程,负责与客户端通信。
下面程序实现了命令行聊天大厅功能(参考疯狂java讲义)
服务端:
package chatServer; /** * 协议字符 * @author rdb * */ public interface ChatProtocol { //协议字符串长度 int PROTOCOL_LEN = 2; //公发前后端字符 String MSG_ROUND = "☾△"; //用户前后字符 String USER_ROUND = "△▽"; //登录成功表示 String LOGIN_SUCCESS = "1"; //用户重复标识 String NAME_REP = "-1" ; //私发用户标识 String PRIVATE_ROUND = "◆◆" ; String SPLIT_SIGN = "◆" ; } package chatServer; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; /** * * ChaMap:保存用户和对应的输出流,一一对应,不允许出现value重复 * @author rdb * @param <K> * @param <V> */ public class ChatMap<K,V> { //创建一个线程安全的HashMap public Map<K,V> map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<>()); //获取value的set集合 public synchronized Set<V> valueSet(){ Set<V> set = new HashSet<>(); map.forEach((key,value) -> set.add(value)); return set ; } //实现put方法,不允许出现重复value public synchronized V put(K key,V value) { for(V v : valueSet()) { if(v.equals(value) && v.hashCode() == value.hashCode()) { throw new RuntimeException("ChatMap中不允许有重复value"); } } return map.put(key, value); } //根据value查找key public synchronized K getKeyByValue(V value) { for(K k : map.keySet()) { if(map.get(k) == value && map.get(k).equals(value)) { return k; } } return null; } //根据value删除 public synchronized void removeByValue(V value){ for(K k : map.keySet()) { if(map.get(k) == value) { map.remove(k); break; } } } } package chatServer; import java.io.PrintStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; public class ChatServer { private static final int SERVER_PORT = 30000 ; //用户保存客户端用户和对应socket输出流 public static ChatMap<String, PrintStream> chatMap = new ChatMap<>(); public void init() { try { ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(SERVER_PORT); while(true) { Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); System.out.println("******"); //启动对应的线程处理对应的客户端 new Thread(new ServerThread(socket)).start(); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { ChatServer chatServer = new ChatServer(); chatServer.init(); } } package chatServer; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.PrintStream; import java.net.Socket; public class ServerThread implements Runnable { private Socket socket = null; private BufferedReader br = null; private PrintStream ps = null; public ServerThread(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; } @Override public void run() { try { // 获取socket对应的输入流 br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); // 获取socket对应的输出流 ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream()); // 获取客户端的消息 String line = null; while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { // 判断信息类型 // 用户登录 if (line.startsWith(ChatProtocol.USER_ROUND) && line.endsWith(ChatProtocol.USER_ROUND)) { String userName = getRealMsg(line); // 如果包含该用户,返回重复登录 if (ChatServer.chatMap.map.containsKey(userName)) { System.out.println("重复"); ps.println(ChatProtocol.NAME_REP); } else { System.out.println("成功"); ps.println(ChatProtocol.LOGIN_SUCCESS); ChatServer.chatMap.put(userName, ps); } } // 私聊 else if (line.startsWith(ChatProtocol.PRIVATE_ROUND) && line.endsWith(ChatProtocol.PRIVATE_ROUND)) { String userAndMsg = getRealMsg(line); // 私聊时 SPLIT_SIGN前是私聊对象,后面是私聊信息 String user = userAndMsg.split(ChatProtocol.SPLIT_SIGN)[0]; String msg = userAndMsg.split(ChatProtocol.SPLIT_SIGN)[1]; // 向对应的客户端发送消息 ChatServer.chatMap.map.get(user). println(ChatServer.chatMap.getKeyByValue(ps) + "悄悄的对你说:" + msg); } // 公聊 else { String msg = getRealMsg(line); // 向每个用户发送消息 ChatServer.chatMap.map.forEach((key, value) -> value.println(ChatServer.chatMap.getKeyByValue(ps) + "说:" + msg)); } } } // 捕获到异常表示对应的Socket的客户端出现问题,在map中移除该客户端信息 catch (IOException e) { ChatServer.chatMap.removeByValue(ps); System.out.println(ChatServer.chatMap.map.size()); // 关闭相关资源 try { if (br != null) { br.close(); } if (ps != null) { ps.close(); } if (socket != null) { socket.close(); } } catch (IOException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } } } private String getRealMsg(String msg) { return msg.substring(ChatProtocol.PROTOCOL_LEN, msg.length() - ChatProtocol.PROTOCOL_LEN); } }
客户端:
package charClient; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.PrintStream; import java.net.Socket; import javax.swing.JOptionPane; /** * 客户端 * @author rdb * */ public class ChatClient { private static final int SERVER_PORT = 30000; private static final String SERVER_IP = "127.0.0.1"; private Socket socket = null ; private BufferedReader br = null; private PrintStream ps = null ; //键盘输入 private BufferedReader keyIn = null ; public void init() { try { socket = new Socket(SERVER_IP,SERVER_PORT); br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream()); keyIn = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); String tip = ""; //要求输入用户名登录 while(true) { String userName =JOptionPane.showInputDialog(tip + "输入用户名"); //将用户名发送到服务器 ps.println(ChatProtocol.USER_ROUND + userName + ChatProtocol.USER_ROUND); //获取服务器返回的消息 String result = br.readLine(); if(result.equals(ChatProtocol.NAME_REP)) { System.out.println("用户名重复,请重试"); continue; } if(result.equals(ChatProtocol.LOGIN_SUCCESS)) { break ; } } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("网络异常,请重新登录"); closeRs(); System.exit(1); } //启动对应socket的读取服务器消息的线程 new Thread(new ClientThread(br)).start(); String line = null; try { while((line = keyIn.readLine()) != null) { //如果发送信息中有:号,且以//开头,则认为是发送私聊信息://张三:你最近怎么样 if(line.indexOf(":") >0 && line.startsWith("||")) { line = line.substring(2); System.out.println(ChatProtocol.PRIVATE_ROUND+line.split(":")[0] +ChatProtocol.SPLIT_SIGN+line.split(":")[1]+ChatProtocol.PRIVATE_ROUND); ps.println(ChatProtocol.PRIVATE_ROUND+line.split(":")[0] +ChatProtocol.SPLIT_SIGN+line.split(":")[1]+ChatProtocol.PRIVATE_ROUND); }else { ps.println(ChatProtocol.MSG_ROUND + line + ChatProtocol.MSG_ROUND); } } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("网络异常,请重新登录"); closeRs(); System.exit(1); } } private void closeRs() { try { if(br != null) { br.close(); } if(ps != null) { ps.close(); } if(socket != null) { socket.close(); } if(keyIn != null) { keyIn.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { ChatClient chatClient = new ChatClient(); chatClient.init(); } } package charClient; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; public class ClientThread implements Runnable{ private BufferedReader br = null; public ClientThread(BufferedReader br) { this.br = br ; } @Override public void run() { String line = null; try { while((line = br.readLine()) != null){ System.out.println(line); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { if(br != null) { br.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } package charClient; /** * 协议字符 * @author rdb * */ public interface ChatProtocol { //协议字符串长度 int PROTOCOL_LEN = 2; //公发前后端字符 String MSG_ROUND = "☾△"; //用户前后字符 String USER_ROUND = "△▽"; //登录成功表示 String LOGIN_SUCCESS = "1"; //用户重复标识 String NAME_REP = "-1" ; //私发用户标识 String PRIVATE_ROUND = "◆◆" ; String SPLIT_SIGN = "◆" ; }