1.对于wait()和notify()的理解
对于wait()和notify()的理解,还是要从jdk官方文档中开始,在Object类方法中有:
void notify()
Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object’s monitor.
译:唤醒在此对象监视器上等待的单个线程void notifyAll()
Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object’s monitor.
译:唤醒在此对象监视器上等待的所有线程void wait( )
Causes the current thread to wait until another thread invokes the notify() method or the notifyAll( ) method for this object.
译:导致当前的线程等待,直到其他线程调用此对象的notify( ) 方法或 notifyAll( ) 方法void wait(long timeout)
Causes the current thread to wait until either another thread invokes the notify( ) method or the notifyAll( ) method for this object, or a specified amount of time has elapsed.
译:导致当前的线程等待,直到其他线程调用此对象的notify() 方法或 notifyAll() 方法,或者指定的时间过完。void wait(long timeout, int nanos)
Causes the current thread to wait until another thread invokes the notify( ) method or the notifyAll( ) method for this object, or some other thread interrupts the current thread, or a certain amount of real time has elapsed.
译:导致当前的线程等待,直到其他线程调用此对象的notify( ) 方法或 notifyAll( ) 方法,或者其他线程打断了当前线程,或者指定的时间过完。
上面是官方文档的简介,下面我们根据官方文档总结一下:
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wait( ),notify( ),notifyAll( )都不属于Thread类,而是属于Object基础类,也就是每个对象都有wait( ),notify( ),notifyAll( ) 的功能,因为每个对象都有锁,锁是每个对象的基础,当然操作锁的方法也是最基础了。
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当需要调用以上的方法的时候,一定要对竞争资源进行加锁,如果不加锁的话,则会报 IllegalMonitorStateException 异常
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当想要调用wait( )进行线程等待时,必须要取得这个锁对象的控制权(对象监视器),一般是放到synchronized(obj)代码中。
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在while循环里而不是if语句下使用wait,这样,会在线程暂停恢复后都检查wait的条件,并在条件实际上并未改变的情况下处理唤醒通知
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调用obj.wait( )释放了obj的锁,否则其他线程也无法获得obj的锁,也就无法在synchronized(obj){ obj.notify() } 代码段内唤醒A。
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notify( )方法只会通知等待队列中的第一个相关线程(不会通知优先级比较高的线程)
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notifyAll( )通知所有等待该竞争资源的线程(也不会按照线程的优先级来执行)
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假设有三个线程执行了obj.wait( ),那么obj.notifyAll( )则能全部唤醒tread1,thread2,thread3,但是要继续执行obj.wait()的下一条语句,必须获得obj锁,因此,tread1,thread2,thread3只有一个有机会获得锁继续执行,例如tread1,其余的需要等待thread1释放obj锁之后才能继续执行。
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当调用obj.notify/notifyAll后,调用线程依旧持有obj锁,因此,thread1,thread2,thread3虽被唤醒,但是仍无法获得obj锁。直到调用线程退出synchronized块,释放obj锁后,thread1,thread2,thread3中的一个才有机会获得锁继续执行。
2.wait和notify简单使用示例
public class WaitNotifyTest {
// 在多线程间共享的对象上使用wait
private String[] shareObj = { "true" };
public static void main(String[] args) {
WaitNotifyTest test = new WaitNotifyTest();
ThreadWait threadWait1 = test.new ThreadWait("wait thread1");
threadWait1.setPriority(2);
ThreadWait threadWait2 = test.new ThreadWait("wait thread2");
threadWait2.setPriority(3);
ThreadWait threadWait3 = test.new ThreadWait("wait thread3");
threadWait3.setPriority(4);
ThreadNotify threadNotify = test.new ThreadNotify("notify thread");
threadNotify.start();
threadWait1.start();
threadWait2.start();
threadWait3.start();
}
class ThreadWait extends Thread {
public ThreadWait(String name){
super(name);
}
public void run() {
synchronized (shareObj) {
while ("true".equals(shareObj[0])) {
System.out.println("线程"+ this.getName() + "开始等待");
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
shareObj.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("线程" + this.getName()
+ "等待时间为:" + (endTime - startTime));
}
}
System.out.println("线程" + getName() + "等待结束");
}
}
class ThreadNotify extends Thread {
public ThreadNotify(String name){
super(name);
}
public void run() {
try {
// 给等待线程等待时间
sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (shareObj) {
System.out.println("线程" + this.getName() + "开始准备通知");
shareObj[0] = "false";
shareObj.notifyAll();
System.out.println("线程" + this.getName() + "通知结束");
}
System.out.println("线程" + this.getName() + "运行结束");
}
}
}
运行结果:
线程wait thread1开始等待
线程wait thread3开始等待
线程wait thread2开始等待
线程notify thread开始准备通知
线程notify thread通知结束
线程notify thread运行结束
线程wait thread2等待时间为:2998
线程wait thread2等待结束
线程wait thread3等待时间为:2998
线程wait thread3等待结束
线程wait thread1等待时间为:3000
线程wait thread1等待结束