- 创建django项目
django-admin startproject opsweb
- Django项目目录结构介绍
opsweb/
├── manage.py
└── opsweb
├── asgi.py
├── __init__.py
├── settings.py
├── urls.py
└── wsgi.py
最外层的opsweb/目录只是你项目的一个容器
manage.py 一个实用的命令行工具，可让你以各种方式与该 Django 项目进行交互
内层 opsweb/ 目录是你项目中的实际Python包。通过它你可以导入它里面的任何东西
opsweb/__init__.py: 一个空文件，告诉Python该目录是一个Python包
opsweb/settings.py: 该Django项目的配置文件
opsweb/urls.py: 该Django项目的 URL 声明
opsweb/wsgi.py: 一个WSGI兼容的Web服务器的入口
- 启动服务
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
- 新建Django app
- 新建一个名为dashboard的app
python manage.py startapp dashboard
2.报错
(env) [root@ES-10-1-21-55-B28 opsweb]# python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 Watching for file changes with StatReloader Exception in thread django-main-thread: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 916, in _bootstrap_inner self.run() File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 864, in run self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper fn(*args, **kwargs) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 110, in inner_run autoreload.raise_last_exception() File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 76, in raise_last_exception raise _exception[1] File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 357, in execute autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)() File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper fn(*args, **kwargs) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 114, in populate app_config.import_models() File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 211, in import_models self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name) File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 978, in _gcd_import File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 961, in _find_and_load File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 655, in _load_unlocked File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 205, in _call_with_frames_removed File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module> from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 48, in <module> class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model): File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 122, in __new__ new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label)) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 326, in add_to_class value.contribute_to_class(cls, name) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 206, in contribute_to_class self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length()) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 28, in __getattr__ return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 214, in __getitem__ backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE']) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name) File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 14, in <module> from sqlite3 import dbapi2 as Database File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/sqlite3/__init__.py", line 23, in <module> from sqlite3.dbapi2 import * File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/sqlite3/dbapi2.py", line 27, in <module> from _sqlite3 import * ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_sqlite3'
解决方法配置数据库
DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'django', 'USER': 'root', 'PASSWORD': '123456', 'HOST': 'localhost', 'PORT': 3306, } }
启动服务后报错找不到mysql模块
(env) [root@ES-10-1-21-55-B28 opsweb]# python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 Watching for file changes with StatReloader Exception in thread django-main-thread: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 15, in <module> import MySQLdb as Database ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MySQLdb' The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 916, in _bootstrap_inner self.run() File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 864, in run self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper fn(*args, **kwargs) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 110, in inner_run autoreload.raise_last_exception() File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 76, in raise_last_exception raise _exception[1] File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 357, in execute autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)() File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper fn(*args, **kwargs) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 114, in populate app_config.import_models() File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 211, in import_models self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name) File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 978, in _gcd_import File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 961, in _find_and_load File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 655, in _load_unlocked File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 205, in _call_with_frames_removed File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module> from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 48, in <module> class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model): File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 122, in __new__ new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label)) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 326, in add_to_class value.contribute_to_class(cls, name) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 206, in contribute_to_class self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length()) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 28, in __getattr__ return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 214, in __getitem__ backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE']) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name) File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 20, in <module> ) from err django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module. Did you install mysqlclient?
配置init文件
(env) [root@ES-10-1-21-55-B28 opsweb]# cat opsweb/__init__.py import pymysql pymysql.version_info = (1, 4, 13, "final", 0) pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
3.配置url
from django.conf.urls import include, url urlpatterns = [ ... url(r'^dashboard/', include("dashboard.urls")), ]
4.激活app
INSTALLED_APPS = ( …… ’dashboard', )
- 编写视图
- 编辑app的vi dashboard/views.py文件
from django.http import HttpResponse def index(request): #传入一个request对象，request对象由django创建的必须要传 return HttpResponse("Hello world !!!")
2.配置url，在每个app目录下面有个urls.py文件
from django.conf.urls import include, url from . import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'), #第一个参数:url 第二个参数:url对应的视图函数index 第三个参数:给url或者视图函数一个名字为index
3.访问测试
