• SQLALchemy的其他常用操作


    使用连接池的两种方式

    第一种方式:

    直接从SessionFactory里获取,此时如果需要开启多个进程,那么创建连接池的代码一定要放在循环里面

    不然的话每个进程都是用一个session了

    from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
    from sqlalchemy import create_engine
    from models import Student,Course,Student2Course
    
    engine = create_engine(
            "mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/s9day120?charset=utf8",
            max_overflow=0,  # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
            pool_size=5,  # 连接池大小
            pool_timeout=30,  # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错
            pool_recycle=-1  # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置)
        )
    SessionFactory = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
    
    def task():
        # 去连接池中获取一个连接
        session = SessionFactory()
    
        ret = session.query(Student).all()
    
        # 将连接交还给连接池
        session.close()
    
    
    from threading import Thread
    
    for i in range(20):
        t = Thread(target=task)
        t.start()
    

     第二种方式:

    使用scoped_session创建session

    这样创建的session在多个线程里还是不同的

    from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
    from sqlalchemy import create_engine
    from sqlalchemy.orm import scoped_session
    from models import Student,Course,Student2Course
    
    engine = create_engine(
            "mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/s9day120?charset=utf8",
            max_overflow=0,  # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
            pool_size=5,  # 连接池大小
            pool_timeout=30,  # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错
            pool_recycle=-1  # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置)
        )
    SessionFactory = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
    session = scoped_session(SessionFactory)
    
    
    def task():
        ret = session.query(Student).all()
        # 将连接交还给连接池
        session.remove()
    
    
    from threading import Thread
    
    for i in range(20):
        t = Thread(target=task)
        t.start()

    执行原生SQL的两种方式

    from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
    from sqlalchemy import create_engine
    from sqlalchemy.orm import scoped_session
    from models import Student,Course,Student2Course
    
    engine = create_engine(
            "mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/s9day120?charset=utf8",
            max_overflow=0,  # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
            pool_size=5,  # 连接池大小
            pool_timeout=30,  # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错
            pool_recycle=-1  # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置)
        )
    SessionFactory = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
    session = scoped_session(SessionFactory)
    
    
    def task():
        """"""
        # 方式一:
        # 查询
        # cursor = session.execute('select * from users')
        # result = cursor.fetchall()
    
        # 添加
        cursor = session.execute('INSERT INTO users(name) VALUES(:value)', params={"value": 'wupeiqi'})
        session.commit()
        print(cursor.lastrowid)
        
        
        # 方式二:
        conn = engine.raw_connection()
        cursor = conn.cursor()
        cursor.execute(
            "select * from t1"
        )
        result = cursor.fetchall()
        cursor.close()
        conn.close()
        
        # 将连接交还给连接池
        session.remove() 
    

    一对多操作

    models.py

    from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
    from sqlalchemy import Column
    from sqlalchemy import Integer,String,Text,Date,DateTime,ForeignKey,UniqueConstraint, Index
    from sqlalchemy import create_engine
    from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
    
    
    Base = declarative_base()
    
    class Depart(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'depart'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        title = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=False)
    
    class Users(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'users'
    
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        name = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=False)
        depart_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey("depart.id"))
    
        dp = relationship("Depart", backref='pers')   # 不在数据库中生成字段   只做查询使用,反向查询用user.pers
    

    views.py

    from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
    from sqlalchemy import create_engine
    from models import Users,Depart
    
    engine = create_engine(
            "mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/s9day120?charset=utf8",
            max_overflow=0,  # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
            pool_size=5,  # 连接池大小
            pool_timeout=30,  # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错
            pool_recycle=-1  # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置)
        )
    SessionFactory = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
    
    # 根据Users类对users表进行增删改查
    session = SessionFactory()
    
    # 1. 查询所有用户
    ret = session.query(Users).all()
    for row in ret:
        print(row.id,row.name,row.depart_id)
        
    # 2. 查询所有用户+所属部门名称
    ret = session.query(Users.id,Users.name,Depart.title).join(Depart,Users.depart_id == Depart.id).all()
    for row in ret:
        print(row.id,row.name,row.title)
    
    query = session.query(Users.id,Users.name,Depart.title).join(Depart,Users.depart_id == Depart.id,isouter=True)
    print(query)
    
    # 3. relation字段:查询所有用户+所属部门名称
    ret = session.query(Users).all()
    for row in ret:
        print(row.id,row.name,row.depart_id,row.dp.title)
    
    # 4. relation字段:查询销售部所有的人员
    obj = session.query(Depart).filter(Depart.title == '销售').first()
    for row in obj.pers:
        print(row.id,row.name,obj.title)
    
    # 5. 创建一个名称叫:IT部门,再在该部门中添加一个员工:田硕
    # 方式一:
    d1 = Depart(title='IT')
    session.add(d1)
    session.commit()
    
    u1 = Users(name='付勇',depart_id=d1.id)
    session.add(u1)
    session.commit()
    
    # 方式二:
    u1 = Users(name='付勇',dp=Depart(title='IT'))
    session.add(u1)
    session.commit()
    
    # 6. 创建一个名称叫:王者荣耀,再在该部门中添加一个员工:龚林峰/长好梦/王爷们
    d1 = Depart(title='王者荣耀')
    d1.pers = [Users(name='小A'),Users(name='小B'),Users(name='王爷们'),]
    session.add(d1)
    session.commit()
    
    session.close()

    多对多操作

    models.py

    class Student(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'student'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        name = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=False)
    
        course_list = relationship('Course', secondary='student2course', backref='student_list')
    
    class Course(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'course'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        title = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=False)
    
    class Student2Course(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'student2course'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
        student_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('student.id'))
        course_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('course.id'))
    
        __table_args__ = (
            UniqueConstraint('student_id', 'course_id', name='uix_stu_cou'), # 联合唯一索引
            # Index('ix_id_name', 'name', 'extra'),                          # 联合索引
        )
    

    views.py

    from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
    from sqlalchemy import create_engine
    from models import Student,Course,Student2Course
    
    engine = create_engine(
            "mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/s9day120?charset=utf8",
            max_overflow=0,  # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
            pool_size=5,  # 连接池大小
            pool_timeout=30,  # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错
            pool_recycle=-1  # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置)
        )
    SessionFactory = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
    
    # 根据Users类对users表进行增删改查
    session = SessionFactory()
    
    # 1. 录入数据
    session.add_all([
        Student(name='先用'),
        Student(name='佳俊'),
        Course(title='生物'),
        Course(title='体育'),
    ])
    session.commit()
    
    session.add_all([
        Student2Course(student_id=2,course_id=1)
    ])
    session.commit()
    
    # 2. 三张表关联
    ret = session.query(Student2Course.id,Student.name,Course.title).join(Student,Student2Course.student_id==Student.id,isouter=True).join(Course,Student2Course.course_id==Course.id,isouter=True).order_by(Student2Course.id.asc())
    for row in ret:
        print(row)
    # 3. “先用”选的所有课
    ret = session.query(Student2Course.id,Student.name,Course.title).join(Student,Student2Course.student_id==Student.id,isouter=True).join(Course,Student2Course.course_id==Course.id,isouter=True).filter(Student.name=='先用').order_by(Student2Course.id.asc()).all()
    print(ret)
    
    obj = session.query(Student).filter(Student.name=='先用').first()
    for item in obj.course_list:
        print(item.title)
    
    # 4. 选了“生物”的所有人
    obj = session.query(Course).filter(Course.title=='生物').first()
    for item in obj.student_list:
        print(item.name)
    
    # 5. 创建一个课程,创建2学生,两个学生选新创建的课程。
    obj = Course(title='英语')
    obj.student_list = [Student(name='为名'),Student(name='广宗')]
    
    session.add(obj)
    session.commit()
    
    
    session.close()
    

      

     

     
     
     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jiangchunsheng/p/9210475.html
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