docker镜像
转自https://www.cnblogs.com/liuyongsheng/p/6724749.html
docker镜像操作
1、获取镜像
docker pull NAME[:TAG] 如果不显式地指定TAG，则默认会选择latest标签，即下载仓库中最新版本的镜像。
//获取最新镜像
docker pull ubuntu
//获取指定标签镜像
docker pull ubuntu:14.04
//获取指定仓库镜像
docker pull registry.hub.docker.com/ubuntu:latest
docker pull dl.dockerpool.com:5000/ubuntu
2、查看镜像
//查看本地镜像
docker images
//重命名本地镜像
docker tag ubuntu:latest ubuntu:16.04
//获取镜像详细信息，JSON格式
docker inspect 0ef2e08ed3fa
//获取镜像详细信息中某一项信息
docker inspect -f {{".Architecture"}} 0ef2e08ed3fa
docker inspect -f {{".RepoTags"}} 0ef2
3、搜索镜像
//搜索指定名称镜像
docker search centos
docker search perconal*
//限制搜索结果数量，默认25行
docker search centos --limit 3
//是否截断描述部分输出，默认截断
docker search centos --no-trunc
docker search centos --no-trunc=false
//搜索指定星级以上镜像
docker search mysql -f stars=10
4、删除镜像
docker rmi IMAGE [IMAGE...] 其中IMAGE可以为镜像标签或者ID
#当同一个镜像拥有多个标签时，docker rmi命令只是删除了该镜像多个标签中的指定标签，并不影响镜像文件本身，但当镜像只剩下一个标签时，此时就会彻底删除镜像。
#当docker rmi命令后面跟的是镜像ID时，会尝试删除所有指向该镜像的标签，然后删除镜像文件本身，如果该镜像存在多个标签，默认无法删除，需要加-f进行删除。
#如果有基于该镜像创建的容器，则默认无法删除镜像，需要先通过docker rm删除容器，然后再用docker rmi删除镜像，或者使用docker rmi -f强制删除(不推荐)。
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 98d35105a391 12 days ago 192 MB
ubuntu latest 0ef2e08ed3fa 4 weeks ago 130 MB
ubuntu 14.04 7c09e61e9035 4 weeks ago 188 MB
hello-world latest 48b5124b2768 2 months ago 1.84 kB
helloworld latest 48b5124b2768 2 months ago 1.84 kB
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker rmi 48b5124b2768
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 48b5124b2768 (must be forced) - image is referenced in multiple repositories
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker rmi -f 48b5124b2768
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:c5515758d4c5e1e838e9cd307f6c6a0d620b5e07e6f927b07d05f6d12a1ac8d7
Untagged: helloworld:latest
Deleted: sha256:48b5124b2768d2b917edcb640435044a97967015485e812545546cbed5cf0233
Deleted: sha256:98c944e98de8d35097100ff70a31083ec57704be0991a92c51700465e4544d08
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 98d35105a391 12 days ago 192 MB
ubuntu latest 0ef2e08ed3fa 4 weeks ago 130 MB
ubuntu 14.04 7c09e61e9035 4 weeks ago 188 MB
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker rmi ubuntu:14.04
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "ubuntu:14.04" (must force) - container c7d73bda72fc is using its referenced image 7c09e61e9035
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
00a42ce9d621 centos "cat /etc/redhat-r..." 10 minutes ago Exited (0) 10 minutes ago trusting_wescoff
c7d73bda72fc ubuntu:14.04 "cat /etc/issue" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago admiring_davinci
0a277f4e0f09 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago tender_galileo
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker rm c7d73bda72fc
c7d73bda72fc
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker rmi ubuntu:14.04
Untagged: ubuntu:14.04
Untagged: ubuntu@sha256:62a5dce5ceccd7f1cb2672a571ebee52cad1f08eec9b57fe4965fb0968a9602e
Deleted: sha256:7c09e61e90350e8f5c0cba2979003bdfe32c2d027b68b4f0cf9063cdd7b4bafd
Deleted: sha256:304aecb5e13929f85d3ce2e9d83d0212866c8e55a460c94cf24bd75da1c7c153
Deleted: sha256:f302be18d46a45c0edbbd9b4bc02db764a4b0b8cd9bd0490f33dfaff039a3b62
Deleted: sha256:c523f3173f6028e5329fd401331c375f7b9b9e831d915fafaf358f55e36e3747
Deleted: sha256:94e631422130dc414878fd05efe3d59de44c9d8904696a7c299a83f378a92845
Deleted: sha256:c29b5eadf94a90a2abda13e765d4fad4825fd15621dea1d9a98b60b89b835c2a
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 98d35105a391 12 days ago 192 MB
ubuntu latest 0ef2e08ed3fa 4 weeks ago 130 MB
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker tag ubuntu:latest ubuntu:16.04
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker tag ubuntu:latest ubuntu:16
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu 16 0ef2e08ed3fa 4 weeks ago 130 MB
ubuntu 16.04 0ef2e08ed3fa 4 weeks ago 130 MB
ubuntu latest 0ef2e08ed3fa 4 weeks ago 130 MB
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker rmi ubuntu:16 ubuntu:16.04
Untagged: ubuntu:16
Untagged: ubuntu:16.04
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 98d35105a391 12 days ago 192 MB
ubuntu latest 0ef2e08ed3fa 4 weeks ago 130 MB
5、创建镜像
创建镜像的方式有：基于已有镜像的容器创建、基于本地模版导入、基于Dockerfile创建
5.1、基于已有镜像的容器创建：
docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
主要选项：
-a, --author=" " //作者信息
-m, --message=" " //提交信息
-p, --pause //提交时暂停容器运行(默认)
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker run -ti ubuntu /bin/bash
root@29acd66b0898:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
root@29acd66b0898:/# touch test
root@29acd66b0898:/# exit
exit
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
29acd66b0898 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 53 seconds ago Exited (0) 35 seconds ago musing_bardeen
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker commit -m "Add a new file" -a "james" 29acd66b0898 test
sha256:545d60ae0415b0fb11591b37644e05f05afc535afd573891017b47cffdd769b0
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test latest 545d60ae0415 12 seconds ago 130 MB
ubuntu latest 0ef2e08ed3fa 4 weeks ago 130 MB
5.2、基于本地模版导入
推荐使用OpenVZ提供的模版来创建，下载地址：https://openvz.org/Download/template/precreated
待补充!!!
6、导出和导入镜像
可以使用docker save和docker load命令来导出和导入镜像
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest 0ef2e08ed3fa 4 weeks ago 130 MB
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker save -o /data/ubuntu_16.04.tar ubuntu:latest
[root@CentOS702 ~]# du -sh /data/ubuntu_16.04.tar
130M /data/ubuntu_16.04.tar
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker rmi ubuntu:latest
Untagged: ubuntu:latest
Deleted: sha256:0ef2e08ed3fabfc44002ccb846c4f2416a2135affc3ce39538834059606f32dd
Deleted: sha256:0d58a35162057295d273c5fb8b7e26124a31588cdadad125f4bce63b638dddb5
Deleted: sha256:cb7f997e049c07cdd872b8354052c808499937645f6164912c4126015df036cc
Deleted: sha256:fcb4581c4f016b2e9761f8f69239433e1e123d6f5234ca9c30c33eba698487cc
Deleted: sha256:b53cd3273b78f7f9e7059231fe0a7ed52e0f8e3657363eb015c61b2a6942af87
Deleted: sha256:745f5be9952c1a22dd4225ed6c8d7b760fe0d3583efd52f91992463b53f7aea3
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker load -q -i /data/ubuntu_16.04.tar
Loaded image: ubuntu:latest
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest 0ef2e08ed3fa 4 weeks ago 130 MB
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker rmi ubuntu:latest
Untagged: ubuntu:latest
Deleted: sha256:0ef2e08ed3fabfc44002ccb846c4f2416a2135affc3ce39538834059606f32dd
Deleted: sha256:0d58a35162057295d273c5fb8b7e26124a31588cdadad125f4bce63b638dddb5
Deleted: sha256:cb7f997e049c07cdd872b8354052c808499937645f6164912c4126015df036cc
Deleted: sha256:fcb4581c4f016b2e9761f8f69239433e1e123d6f5234ca9c30c33eba698487cc
Deleted: sha256:b53cd3273b78f7f9e7059231fe0a7ed52e0f8e3657363eb015c61b2a6942af87
Deleted: sha256:745f5be9952c1a22dd4225ed6c8d7b760fe0d3583efd52f91992463b53f7aea3
[root@CentOS702 ~]# docker load < /data/ubuntu_16.04.tar
745f5be9952c: Loading layer [==================================================>] 135.7 MB/135.7 MB
85782553e37a: Loading layer [==================================================>] 15.87 kB/15.87 kB
29660d0e5bb2: Loading layer [==================================================>] 11.78 kB/11.78 kB
440e02c3dcde: Loading layer [==================================================>] 4.608 kB/4.608 kB
56827159aa8b: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.072 kB/3.072 kB
Loaded image: ubuntu:latest
7、上传镜像
docker push NAME[:TAG]
待补充!!!