使用css实现常用的三角效果
项目中三角:
.breadcrumb{ height: 40px; line-height: 40px; padding: 0 20px; border-top: 1px solid #f9c700; .breadcrumb-title{ text-align: center; font-size: @fontC; //通过定义一个伪类after &:after{ position: absolute; content: ''; left: 89px; top: 39px; border-top: 9px solid @colorM; //border-left和border-right换成透明色 才能形成三角形 不然是长方形 border-left: 12px solid transparent; border-right: 12px solid transparent; //background-color: red; } }
详细讲解
实现三角形的方式很多种。比较简单又比较常用的是利用伪类选择器,在网页上也有很多用到这种效果,比如tips信息提示框。下面是自己写的实心三角形,原理其实很简单,代码都能看懂。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> <style type="text/css"> .tri_top, .tri_right, .tri_bottom, .tri_left{ 150px; height: 100px; background: #CCCCCC; border-radius: 8px; margin: 50px 50px; position: relative; float: left; } .tri_top:before{ content: ""; 0px; height: 0px; border-left: 10px solid transparent; border-right: 10px solid transparent; border-bottom: 10px solid #CCCCCC; position: absolute; top: -10px; left: 65px; } .tri_right:before{ content: ""; 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 10px solid transparent; border-bottom: 10px solid transparent; border-left: 10px solid #CCCCCC; position: absolute; top: 40px; left: 150px; } .tri_bottom:before{ content: ""; 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 10px solid #CCCCCC; border-left: 10px solid transparent; border-right: 10px solid transparent; position: absolute; top: 100px; left: 70px; } .tri_left:before{ content: ""; 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 10px solid transparent; border-bottom: 10px solid transparent; border-right: 10px solid #CCCCCC; position: absolute; top: 40px; left: -10px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="tri_top"></div> <!--三角形在上边--> <div class="tri_right"></div> <!--三角形在右边--> <div class="tri_bottom"></div> <!--三角形在底边--> <div class="tri_left"></div> <!--三角形在左边--> </body> </html>
空心三角形该怎样实现呢?看看以下代码,你会发现其实代码跟实心三角形的代码都是差不多。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> <style type="text/css"> .tri_top, .tri_right, .tri_bottom, .tri_left{ 150px; height: 100px; border: 1px solid #000000; border-radius: 8px; margin: 50px 50px; position: relative; float: left; } .tri_top:before{ content: ""; 0px; height: 0px; border-left: 15px solid transparent; border-right: 15px solid transparent; border-bottom: 15px solid #000000; position: absolute; top: -15px; left: 65px; } .tri_top:after{ content: ""; 0px; height: 0px; border-left: 14px solid transparent; border-right: 14px solid transparent; border-bottom: 14px solid #FFFFFF; position: absolute; top: -14px; left: 66px; } .tri_right:before{ content: ""; 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 15px solid transparent; border-bottom: 15px solid transparent; border-left: 15px solid #000000; position: absolute; top: 39px; left: 150px; } .tri_right:after{ content: ""; 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 14px solid transparent; border-bottom: 14px solid transparent; border-left: 14px solid #FFFFFF; position: absolute; top: 40px; left: 149px; } .tri_bottom:before{ content: ""; 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 15px solid #000000; border-left: 15px solid transparent; border-right: 15px solid transparent; position: absolute; top: 101px; left: 69px; } .tri_bottom:after{ content: ""; 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 14px solid #FFFFFF; border-left: 14px solid transparent; border-right: 14px solid transparent; position: absolute; top: 100px; left: 70px; } .tri_left:before{ content: ""; 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 15px solid transparent; border-bottom: 15px solid transparent; border-right: 15px solid #000000; position: absolute; top: 40px; left: -15px; } .tri_left:after{ content: ""; 0px; height: 0px; border-top: 14px solid transparent; border-bottom: 14px solid transparent; border-right: 14px solid #FFFFFF; position: absolute; top: 41px; left: -14px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="tri_top"></div> <!--三角形在上边--> <div class="tri_right"></div> <!--三角形在右边--> <div class="tri_bottom"></div> <!--三角形在底边--> <div class="tri_left"></div> <!--三角形在左边--> </body> </html>
写在最后的一个道理: 三角形往哪个方向,那个方向无需设置border,而相反方向设置border颜色,相邻两边的border设为透明。这样就可实现各个方向的三角形。
实心三角形利用CSS中的伪元素· :before实现,再利用border的transparent属性即可达到效果。而空心三角形是在空心三角形的基础上再加上伪元素:after实现。伪元素:before实现的是一个实心的三角形,伪元素:after实现的是空心的三角形,进而把实心的三角形覆盖,利用绝对定位的top与left的差值绝对了三角形线的粗细而达到如图的效果。