• CSS实现三角形 (伪类选择器)


    使用css实现常用的三角效果

    项目中三角:

    .breadcrumb{
            height: 40px;
            line-height: 40px;
            padding: 0 20px;
            border-top: 1px solid #f9c700;
            .breadcrumb-title{
                text-align: center;
                font-size: @fontC;
                //通过定义一个伪类after
                &:after{
                    position: absolute;
                    content: '';
                    left: 89px;
                    top: 39px;
                    border-top: 9px solid @colorM;
                    //border-left和border-right换成透明色 才能形成三角形 不然是长方形
                    border-left: 12px solid transparent;
                    border-right: 12px solid transparent;
                    //background-color: red;
                }
            }

    详细讲解

    实现三角形的方式很多种。比较简单又比较常用的是利用伪类选择器,在网页上也有很多用到这种效果,比如tips信息提示框。下面是自己写的实心三角形,原理其实很简单,代码都能看懂。

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
       <head>
           <meta charset="UTF-8">
           <title></title>
           <style type="text/css">
               .tri_top, .tri_right, .tri_bottom, .tri_left{
                    150px;
                   height: 100px;
                   background: #CCCCCC;
                   border-radius: 8px;
                   margin: 50px 50px;
                   position: relative;
                   float: left;
               }
               .tri_top:before{
                   content: "";
                    0px;
                   height: 0px;
                   border-left: 10px solid transparent;
                   border-right: 10px solid transparent;
                   border-bottom: 10px solid #CCCCCC;
                   position: absolute;
                   top: -10px;
                   left: 65px;
               }
               .tri_right:before{
                   content: "";
                    0px;
                   height: 0px;
                   border-top: 10px solid transparent;
                   border-bottom: 10px solid transparent;
                   border-left: 10px solid #CCCCCC;
                   position: absolute;
                   top: 40px;
                   left: 150px;
               }
               .tri_bottom:before{
                   content: "";
                    0px;
                   height: 0px;
                   border-top: 10px solid #CCCCCC;
                   border-left: 10px solid transparent;
                   border-right: 10px solid transparent;
                   position: absolute;
                   top: 100px;
                   left: 70px;
               }
               .tri_left:before{
                   content: "";
                    0px;
                   height: 0px;
                   border-top: 10px solid transparent;
                   border-bottom: 10px solid transparent;
                   border-right: 10px solid #CCCCCC;
                   position: absolute;
                   top: 40px;
                   left: -10px;
               }
           </style>
       </head>
       <body>
           <div class="tri_top"></div>         <!--三角形在上边-->
           <div class="tri_right"></div>       <!--三角形在右边-->
           <div class="tri_bottom"></div>      <!--三角形在底边-->
           <div class="tri_left"></div>        <!--三角形在左边-->
       </body>
    </html>

    空心三角形该怎样实现呢?看看以下代码,你会发现其实代码跟实心三角形的代码都是差不多。

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
        <head>
            <meta charset="UTF-8">
            <title></title>
            <style type="text/css">
                .tri_top, .tri_right, .tri_bottom, .tri_left{
                     150px;
                    height: 100px;
                    border: 1px solid #000000;
                    border-radius: 8px;
                    margin: 50px 50px;
                    position: relative;
                    float: left;
                }
                .tri_top:before{
                    content: "";
                     0px;
                    height: 0px;
                    border-left: 15px solid transparent;
                    border-right: 15px solid transparent;
                    border-bottom: 15px solid #000000;
                    position: absolute;
                    top: -15px;
                    left: 65px;
                }
                .tri_top:after{
                    content: "";
                     0px;
                    height: 0px;
                    border-left: 14px solid transparent;
                    border-right: 14px solid transparent;
                    border-bottom: 14px solid #FFFFFF;
                    position: absolute;
                    top: -14px;
                    left: 66px;
                }
                .tri_right:before{
                    content: "";
                     0px;
                    height: 0px;
                    border-top: 15px solid transparent;
                    border-bottom: 15px solid transparent;
                    border-left: 15px solid #000000;
                    position: absolute;
                    top: 39px;
                    left: 150px;
                }
                .tri_right:after{
                    content: "";
                     0px;
                    height: 0px;
                    border-top: 14px solid transparent;
                    border-bottom: 14px solid transparent;
                    border-left: 14px solid #FFFFFF;
                    position: absolute;
                    top: 40px;
                    left: 149px;
                }
                .tri_bottom:before{
                    content: "";
                     0px;
                    height: 0px;
                    border-top: 15px solid #000000;
                    border-left: 15px solid transparent;
                    border-right: 15px solid transparent;
                    position: absolute;
                    top: 101px;
                    left: 69px;
                }
                .tri_bottom:after{
                    content: "";
                     0px;
                    height: 0px;
                    border-top: 14px solid #FFFFFF;
                    border-left: 14px solid transparent;
                    border-right: 14px solid transparent;
                    position: absolute;
                    top: 100px;
                    left: 70px;
                }
                .tri_left:before{
                    content: "";
                     0px;
                    height: 0px;
                    border-top: 15px solid transparent;
                    border-bottom: 15px solid transparent;
                    border-right: 15px solid #000000;
                    position: absolute;
                    top: 40px;
                    left: -15px;
                }
                .tri_left:after{
                    content: "";
                     0px;
                    height: 0px;
                    border-top: 14px solid transparent;
                    border-bottom: 14px solid transparent;
                    border-right: 14px solid #FFFFFF;
                    position: absolute;
                    top: 41px;
                    left: -14px;
                }
            </style>
        </head>
        <body>
            <div class="tri_top"></div>         <!--三角形在上边-->
            <div class="tri_right"></div>       <!--三角形在右边-->
            <div class="tri_bottom"></div>      <!--三角形在底边-->
            <div class="tri_left"></div>        <!--三角形在左边-->
        </body>
    </html>

           写在最后的一个道理: 三角形往哪个方向,那个方向无需设置border,而相反方向设置border颜色,相邻两边的border设为透明。这样就可实现各个方向的三角形

           实心三角形利用CSS中的伪元素· :before实现,再利用border的transparent属性即可达到效果。而空心三角形是在空心三角形的基础上再加上伪元素:after实现。伪元素:before实现的是一个实心的三角形,伪元素:after实现的是空心的三角形,进而把实心的三角形覆盖,利用绝对定位的top与left的差值绝对了三角形线的粗细而达到如图的效果。

    本文来自博客园,作者:喆星高照,转载请注明原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/houxianzhou/p/15688815.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/houxianzhou/p/15688815.html
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