windows service是一种window服务，与计算机一起启动，然后保持一直运行的状态。比较适合于服务器的监听，例如基于socket的聊天室程序，基于remoting的程序，都要有服务器端的支持，如果把它们做到windows service，那将是个完美的组合。
下面就介绍一个socket聊天室与windows结合的例子。。。
1. 首先建立一个空白的解决方案，命名为ChatSocket.
2. 添加一个注册表项，用来设置客户端和服务器通讯的端口号。
运行->输入regedit->此例子中在HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Socket\Server中设置Port字符串键值。
2. 添加一个Class Library解决方案，命名为ClientEntity。
在类Client.cs中添加如下代码。
public class Client
{
private Thread clthread;
private EndPoint endpoint;
private string name;
private Socket sock;
public Client(string _name, EndPoint _endpoint, Thread _thread, Socket _sock)
{
// TODO: 在此处添加构造函数逻辑
clthread = _thread;
endpoint = _endpoint;
name = _name;
sock = _sock;
}
public override string ToString()
{
return endpoint.ToString() + " : " + name;
}
public Thread CLThread
{
get { return clthread; }
set { clthread = value; }
}
public EndPoint Host
{
get { return endpoint; }
set { endpoint = value; }
}
public string Name
{
get { return name; }
set { name = value; }
}
public Socket Sock
{
get { return sock; }
set { sock = value; }
}
}
因为客户实体类要能被windows服务所访问，所以暂且注册到GAC中。
首先，生成一个强命文件，添加到配置信息中。
Microsoft Visual Studio 2005->Visual Studio Tools->启用Visual Studio 2005命令提示。输入：sn –k ClientEntity.snk生成强名文件。
在配置文件中添加，[assembly: AssemblyKeyFile("ClientEntity.snk")].
注册客户实体类：
在visual studio command命令行中进入ClientEntity.dll所在目录，gacutil -i ClientEntity.dll—安装程序集。默认情况下，gacutil.exe文件放在C:"Program Files"Microsoft Visual Studio 8"SDK"v2.0"Bin目录中。
客户实体类已经成功注册到GAC中，可以通过运行->assembly来查看，这个时候本机的所有程序都可以访问他了。
2. 添加一个新的windows service的解决方案，命名为ChatServer，并且引用ClientEntity解决方案。
首先新建一个读取注册表的类，用来从注册表中读取端口号和服务器地址等信息。
public class ReadRegistry
{
public static string getValue(RegistryHive hive, string subKey, string value)
{
RegistryKey reg = null;
switch (hive)
{
case RegistryHive.CurrentUser:
reg = Registry.CurrentUser;
break;
case RegistryHive.LocalMachine:
reg = Registry.LocalMachine;
break;
default:
break;
}
RegistryKey regSubKey = reg.OpenSubKey(subKey);
string str = regSubKey.GetValue(value).ToString();
return str;
}
}
然后新建一个ServerStart类用来控制socket服务器的监听工作，windows服务调用它从而始终处于监听状态。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;
using ClientEntity;
using System.Net;
namespace ChatServer
{
public class ServerStart
{
private static readonly int listenport = Convert.ToInt32(ReadRegistry.getValue(Microsoft.Win32.RegistryHive.LocalMachine, @"SOFTWARE\Socket\Server", "Port"));
ArrayList clientsArray;
Socket clientSocket;
Thread clientThread;
Thread serverThread;
public ServerStart()
{
clientsArray = new ArrayList();
}
private void ListenClient()
{
TcpListener listener = new TcpListener(listenport);
listener.Start();
while (true)
{
try
{
Socket s = listener.AcceptSocket();
clientSocket = s;
clientThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(serviceClient));
clientThread.Start();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
}
}
}
private void serviceClient()
{
Socket client = clientSocket;
bool keepAlive = true;
while (keepAlive)
{
Byte[] buffer = new Byte[1024];
int bufLen = 0;
try
{
bufLen = client.Available;
client.Receive(buffer, 0, bufLen, SocketFlags.None);
if (bufLen == 0)
{
continue;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return;
}
string clientcommand = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer).Substring(0, bufLen);
string[] tokens = clientcommand.Split(new Char[] { '|' });
Console.WriteLine(clientcommand);
if (tokens[0] == "CONN")
{
for (int n = 0; n < clientsArray.Count; n++)
{
Client cl = (Client)clientsArray[n];
SendToClient(cl, "JOIN|" + tokens[1]);
}
EndPoint ep = client.RemoteEndPoint;
Client c = new Client(tokens[1], ep, clientThread, client);
string message = "LIST|" + GetChatterList() + "\r\n";
SendToClient(c, message);
clientsArray.Add(c);
//lbClients.Items.Add(c);
}
if (tokens[0] == "CHAT")
{
for (int n = 0; n < clientsArray.Count; n++)
{
Client cl = (Client)clientsArray[n];
SendToClient(cl, clientcommand);
}
}
if (tokens[0] == "PRIV")
{
string destclient = tokens[3];
for (int n = 0; n < clientsArray.Count; n++)
{
Client cl = (Client)clientsArray[n];
if (cl.Name.CompareTo(tokens[3]) == 0)
{
SendToClient(cl, clientcommand);
}
if (cl.Name.CompareTo(tokens[1]) == 0)
{
SendToClient(cl, clientcommand);
}
}
}
if (tokens[0] == "GONE")
{
int remove = 0;
bool found = false;
int c = clientsArray.Count;
for (int n = 0; n < clientsArray.Count; n++)
{
Client cl = (Client)clientsArray[n];
SendToClient(cl, clientcommand);
if (cl.Name.CompareTo(tokens[1]) == 0)
{
remove = n;
found = true;
//lbClients.Items.Remove(cl);
}
}
if (found)
{
clientsArray.RemoveAt(remove);
}
client.Close();
keepAlive = false;
}
}
}
private void SendToClient(Client client, string clientCommand)
{
Byte[] message = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(clientCommand);
Socket s = client.Sock;
if (s.Connected)
{
s.Send(message, message.Length, 0);
}
}
private string GetChatterList()
{
string result = "";
for (int i = 0; i < clientsArray.Count; i++)
{
result += ((Client)clientsArray[i]).Name + "|";
}
return result;
}
}
}
在windows service解决方案的service.cs的Design界面中，右击Add Installer将添加一个安装类。可以修改安装服务的相关属性。。。
3. 到此处可以注册windows服务了。首先要编译一下解决方案。。。
注册windows服务：
还是在visual studio command命令行中。输入installutil ChatServer.exe来注册window service程序到windows服务中。
这个时候你可以通过运行->services.msc来查看是否安装成功。
部署完服务器以后，算是完成大部分工作了，最后还要有一个客户端程序来访问，当多个人同时加入时，可以互相群聊。。。
4. 客户端程序。
namespace Client
{
partial class Form1
{
/// <summary>
/// 必需的设计器变量。
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
/// <summary>
/// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源，为 true；否则为 false。</param>
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing && (components != null))
{
components.Dispose();
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
#region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
/// <summary>
/// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要
/// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.btnConnect = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.clientName = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.btnDisconnect = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.statusBar1 = new System.Windows.Forms.StatusBar();
this.btnSend = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.ChatOut = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.checkBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox();
this.rtbChatIn = new System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox();
this.lbChatters = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// btnConnect
//
this.btnConnect.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(324, 57);
this.btnConnect.Name = "btnConnect";
this.btnConnect.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(53, 30);
this.btnConnect.TabIndex = 18;
this.btnConnect.Text = "连接";
this.btnConnect.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnConnect_Click);
//
// clientName
//
this.clientName.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(77, 12);
this.clientName.Name = "clientName";
this.clientName.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(83, 20);
this.clientName.TabIndex = 17;
this.clientName.Text = "name";
//
// btnDisconnect
//
this.btnDisconnect.Enabled = false;
this.btnDisconnect.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(324, 109);
this.btnDisconnect.Name = "btnDisconnect";
this.btnDisconnect.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(53, 30);
this.btnDisconnect.TabIndex = 16;
this.btnDisconnect.Text = "断开";
this.btnDisconnect.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnDisconnect_Click);
//
// statusBar1
//
this.statusBar1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 272);
this.statusBar1.Name = "statusBar1";
this.statusBar1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(394, 21);
this.statusBar1.TabIndex = 15;
this.statusBar1.Text = "statusBar1";
//
// btnSend
//
this.btnSend.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(277, 235);
this.btnSend.Name = "btnSend";
this.btnSend.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(62, 22);
this.btnSend.TabIndex = 14;
this.btnSend.Text = "send";
this.btnSend.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnSend_Click);
//
// ChatOut
//
this.ChatOut.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(110, 235);
this.ChatOut.Name = "ChatOut";
this.ChatOut.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(114, 20);
this.ChatOut.TabIndex = 13;
this.ChatOut.Text = "message";
//
// checkBox1
//
this.checkBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(10, 235);
this.checkBox1.Name = "checkBox1";
this.checkBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(87, 23);
this.checkBox1.TabIndex = 12;
this.checkBox1.Text = "checkBox1";
//
// rtbChatIn
//
this.rtbChatIn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(130, 42);
this.rtbChatIn.Name = "rtbChatIn";
this.rtbChatIn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(174, 164);
this.rtbChatIn.TabIndex = 11;
this.rtbChatIn.Text = "";
//
// lbChatters
//
this.lbChatters.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(24, 42);
this.lbChatters.Name = "lbChatters";
this.lbChatters.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(93, 147);
this.lbChatters.TabIndex = 10;
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 13F);
this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(394, 293);
this.Controls.Add(this.btnConnect);
this.Controls.Add(this.clientName);
this.Controls.Add(this.btnDisconnect);
this.Controls.Add(this.statusBar1);
this.Controls.Add(this.btnSend);
this.Controls.Add(this.ChatOut);
this.Controls.Add(this.checkBox1);
this.Controls.Add(this.rtbChatIn);
this.Controls.Add(this.lbChatters);
this.Name = "Form1";
this.Text = "Form1";
this.ResumeLayout(false);
this.PerformLayout();
}
#endregion
private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnConnect;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox clientName;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnDisconnect;
private System.Windows.Forms.StatusBar statusBar1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnSend;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox ChatOut;
private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBox1;
private System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox rtbChatIn;
private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox lbChatters;
}
}
类文件，用来与服务器通讯。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;
using System.IO;
namespace Client
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
NetworkStream nws;
StreamReader sr;
TcpClient tcpClient;
Thread clientThread;
bool connected;
string server = "127.0.0.1";
int port = 6666;
string clientname;
private void btnConnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
EstablishConnection();
RegisterWithServer();
if (connected)
{
clientThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ReceiveChat));
clientThread.Start();
}
}
private void EstablishConnection()
{
statusBar1.Text = "正在连接到服务器";
try
{
tcpClient = new TcpClient(server, port);
nws = tcpClient.GetStream();
sr = new StreamReader(nws);
connected = true;
}
catch (Exception)
{
MessageBox.Show("不能连接到服务器！", "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation);
statusBar1.Text = "已断开连接";
}
}
private void RegisterWithServer()
{
lbChatters.Items.Clear();
clientname = clientName.Text;
try
{
string command = "CONN|" + clientname; //+"\r\n";
Byte[] outbytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(command.ToCharArray());
nws.Write(outbytes, 0, outbytes.Length);
string serverresponse = sr.ReadLine();
serverresponse.Trim();
string[] tokens = serverresponse.Split('|');
if (tokens[0] == "LIST")
{
statusBar1.Text = "已连接";
btnDisconnect.Enabled = true;
}
if (tokens[1] != "")
{
for (int n = 1; n < tokens.Length; n++)
{
lbChatters.Items.Add(tokens[n].Trim(new char[] { '\r', '\n' }));
}
}
this.Text = clientname + "：已连接到服务器";
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show("注册时发生错误！" + ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation);
connected = false;
}
}
private void ReceiveChat()
{
bool keepalive = true;
while (keepalive)
{
try
{
Byte[] buffer = new Byte[1024];
nws.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
string chatter = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer);
string[] tokens = chatter.Split(new Char[] { '|' });
if (tokens[0] == "CHAT")
{
rtbChatIn.AppendText(tokens[1]);
}
if (tokens[0] == "PRIV")
{
rtbChatIn.AppendText("Private from ");
rtbChatIn.AppendText(tokens[1].Trim());
rtbChatIn.AppendText(tokens[2] + "\r\n");
}
if (tokens[0] == "JOIN")
{
rtbChatIn.AppendText(tokens[1].Trim());
rtbChatIn.AppendText(" has joined the Chat\r\n");
string newguy = tokens[1].Trim(new char[] { '\r', '\n' });
lbChatters.Items.Add(newguy);
}
if (tokens[0] == "GONE")
{
rtbChatIn.AppendText(tokens[1].Trim());
rtbChatIn.AppendText(" has left the Chat\r\n");
lbChatters.Items.Remove(tokens[1].Trim(new char[] { '\r', '\n' }));
}
if (tokens[0] == "QUIT")
{
nws.Close();
tcpClient.Close();
keepalive = false;
statusBar1.Text = "服务器端已停止";
connected = false;
btnSend.Enabled = false;
btnDisconnect.Enabled = false;
}
}
catch (Exception) { }
}
}
private void btnDisconnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
QuitChat();
}
private void QuitChat()
{
if (connected)
{
try
{
string command = "GONE|" + clientname;
Byte[] outbytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(command.ToCharArray());
nws.Write(outbytes, 0, outbytes.Length);
tcpClient.Close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}
if (clientThread != null && clientThread.IsAlive)
{
clientThread.Abort();
}
this.Text = "客户端";
connected = false;
}
private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (connected)
{
try
{
string command = "CHAT|" + clientname + ": " + ChatOut.Text + "\r\n";
Byte[] outbytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(command.ToCharArray());
nws.Write(outbytes, 0, outbytes.Length);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}
}
}
}
至此，所有工作全部完成，提供一个下载版本。ChatSocket示例代码下载