转载自: http://blog.csdn.net/yockie/article/details/9181939
概要
通过实例介绍boost thread的使用方式,本文主要由线程启动、Interruption机制、线程同步、等待线程退出、Thread Group几个部份组成。
正文
线程启动
线程可以从以下三种方式启动:第一种用struct结构的operator成员函数启动:
#include<iostream> #include <boost/thread.hpp> struct Callable { void operator()() { //do something here std::cout<<"thread running structure operator ()!"<<std::endl; } }; int main() { Callable x; boost::thread st(x); return 0; }
第二种以非成员函数形式启动线程
void func(int para) { std::cout<<"thread runnign non-class function"<<" "<<para<<std::endl; } int main() { boost::thread f(func, 100); return 0; }
第三种以成员函数形式启动线程
#include<boost/bind.hpp> #include<iostream> #include<boost/thread.hpp> class TestBind { public: void testFunc(int c) { std::cout<<"thread running class member functions!"<<" "<<c<<std::endl; } }; int main() { TestBind testBind; boost::thread cf(boost::bind(&TestBind::testFunc, &testBind, 123)); return 0; }
Interruption机制
可以通过thread对象的interrupt函数,通知线程,需要interrupt。线程运行到interruption point就可以退出。Interruption机制举例:
#include <iostream> #include <boost/thread.hpp> using namespace std; void f() { for(int i=1;i<0x0fffffff;i++) { if(i%0xffffff==0) { std::cout<<"i="<<((i&0x0f000000)>>24)<<endl; cout<<"boost::this_thread::interruption_requested()="<<boost::this_thread::interruption_requested()<<endl; if(((i&0x0f000000)>>24)==5) { boost::this_thread::interruption_point(); } } } }
int main()
{
boost::thread t(f);
t.interrupt();
t.join();
return 0;
}
t.interrupt();告诉t线程,现在需要interrupt。boost::this_thread::interruption_requested()可以得到当前线程是否有一个interrupt请求。若有interrupt请求,线程在运行至interruption点时会结束。boost::this_thread::interruption_point();就是一个interruption point。Interruption point有多种形式,较常用的有boost::this_thread::sleep(boost::posix_time::seconds(5));当没有interrupt请求时,这条语句会让当前线程sleep五秒,若有interrupt requirement线程结束。
如何使线程在运行到interruption point的时候,不会结束,可以参考下面的例子:
void f() { for(int i=1;i<0x0fffffff;i++) { if(i%0xffffff==0) { std::cout<<"i="<<((i&0x0f000000)>>24)<<endl; cout<<"boost::this_thread::interruption_requested()="<<boost::this_thread::interruption_requested()<<endl; if(((i&0x0f000000)>>24)==5) { //boost::this_thread::interruption_point(); boost::this_thread::disable_interruption di; { boost::this_thread::interruption_point(); } } } } }
注意boost::this_thread::disable_interruption这条语句的使用,它可以使大括号内的interruption point不会中断当前线程。
线程同步
Boost提供了多种lock导致上手需要较长时间,还是看下面线程同步的例子比较简单,相信在多数应用中足够:直接使用boost::mutex的例子
static boost::mutex g_m; //do something here g_m.lock(); //do something what needs to be locked g_m.unlock(); if(g_m.try_lock()) { //do something what needs to be locked
}
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <boost/thread.hpp> #include <boost/thread/mutex.hpp> #include <boost/thread/locks.hpp> using namespace std; static boost::mutex g_m; void f(string strName) { for(int i=1;i<0x0fffffff;i++) { if(i%0xffffff==0) { boost::lock_guard<boost::mutex> lock(g_m); cout<<"Name="<<strName<<" i="<<((i&0x0f000000)>>24)<<endl; } } } int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { boost::thread t(f,string("inuyasha")); boost::thread t2(f,string("kagula")); boost::thread t3(f,string("kikyou")); { boost::lock_guard<boost::mutex> lock(g_m); cout<<"thread id="<<t.get_id()<<endl; } t.join(); t2.join(); t3.join(); return 0; }
使用unique lock的例子
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <boost/thread.hpp> #include <boost/thread/mutex.hpp> #include <boost/thread/locks.hpp> using namespace std; static boost::mutex g_m; void f(string strName) { cout<<"Thread name is "<<strName<<"-----------------begin"<<endl; for(int i=1;i<0x0fffffff;i++) { if(i%0xffffff==0) { boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex> lock(g_m); cout<<"Name="<<strName<<" i="<<((i&0x0f000000)>>24)<<endl; lock.unlock(); } } cout<<"Thread name is "<<strName<<"-----------------end"<<endl; } int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { boost::thread t(f,string("inuyasha")); boost::thread t2(f,string("kagula")); boost::thread t3(f,string("kikyou")); t.join(); t2.join(); t3.join(); return 0; }
同Lock_guard相比
[1]Unique lock中有owns lock成员函数,可判断,当前有没有被lock。
[2]在构造Unique Lock时可以指定boost::defer_lock_t参数推迟锁定,直到Unique Lock实例调用Lock。或采用下面的编码方式使用:
boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex> lock(mut,boost::defer_lock);
boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex> lock2(mut2,boost::defer_lock);
boost::lock(lock,lock2);
[3]它可以和Conditoin_variable配合使用。
[4]提供了try lock功能。
如果线程之间执行顺序上有依赖关系,直接到boost官网中参考条件变量(Condition variables)的使用。官网关于Conditon Variables的说明还是容易看懂的。
注意,使用一个不恰当的同步可能消耗掉1/2以上的cpu运算能力。
Thread Group
线程组使用示例,其中f函数在上面的例子已经定义
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { boost::thread_group tg; tg.add_thread(new boost::thread(f,string("inuyasha"))); tg.add_thread(new boost::thread(f,string("kagula"))); tg.add_thread(new boost::thread(f,string("kikyou"))); tg.join_all(); return 0; }