背景
很多人对 process.nextTick() 有个误解,认为它也是前端常用的微任务,但其实不是。
这个方法只是在 Node 中存在,并且是个 Node 进入事件轮询的下一阶段时就会触发的一个神奇的方法。
那么问题来了,Vue 中也实现过一个 this.$nextTick(),这是怎么做的呢?
结论
- 优先使用 Promise API;
- 若不能用 Promise API,次选用 MutationObserver API,一般见于 PhantomJS IE11, iOS7, Android 4.4;
- 若还是不能用 MutationObserver API,那就 setTimeout,见于更低版本的IE8,9,10。
提一句在浏览器环境中 :
常见的 micro task 有 MutationObsever 和 Promise.then
常见的 macro task 有 setTimeout、MessageChannel、postMessage、setImmediate
附录
Vue 2.6.2 源码
export const nextTick = (function () {
// ...
if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
var p = Promise.resolve()
var logError = err => { console.error(err) }
timerFunc = () => {
p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError)
// in problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but
// it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the
// microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser
// needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can
// "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer.
if (isIOS) setTimeout(noop)
}
} else if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && (
isNative(MutationObserver) ||
// PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
)) {
// use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
// e.g. PhantomJS IE11, iOS7, Android 4.4
var counter = 1
var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler)
var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter))
observer.observe(textNode, {
characterData: true
})
timerFunc = () => {
counter = (counter + 1) % 2
textNode.data = String(counter)
}
} else {
// fallback to setTimeout
/* istanbul ignore next */
/*使用setTimeout将回调推入任务队列尾部*/
timerFunc = () => {
setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0)
}
}
/*
推送到队列中下一个tick时执行
cb 回调函数
ctx 上下文
*/
return function queueNextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) {
// ...
}
})()