设备驱动实现步骤:
1. 按照RT-Thread对象模型,扩展一对象有两种方式:
1)定义自己的私有数据结构,然后赋值到RT-Thread设备控制空的user_data指针上;
2)从struct rt_device结构中派生。(推荐)
2. 实现I/O设备模块中定义的6个公共设备接口,开始可以为空函数(返回rt_err_t的可默认返回RT_EOK)。
3. 根据自己的设备类型定义自己的私有数据域。
特别是可能有多个类似设备的情况下(例如串口1,2),
设备接口可以共用一套接口,不同的只是各自的数据域(寄存器基地址)。
4. 根据设备的类型,注册到RT-Thread设备框架中。
现以串口驱动为例:
/*stm32f10x.h *This file contains all the peripheral register's definitions, bits * definitions and memory mapping for STM32F10x Connectivity line, * High density, High density value line, Medium density, * Medium density Value line, Low density, Low density Value line * and XL-density devices. */ typedef struct { __IO uint16_t SR; uint16_t RESERVED0; __IO uint16_t DR; uint16_t RESERVED1; __IO uint16_t BRR; uint16_t RESERVED2; __IO uint16_t CR1; uint16_t RESERVED3; __IO uint16_t CR2; uint16_t RESERVED4; __IO uint16_t CR3; uint16_t RESERVED5; __IO uint16_t GTPR; uint16_t RESERVED6; } USART_TypeDef;
struct stm32_uart
{ USART_TypeDef* uart_device; IRQn_Type irq; };
struct rt_serial_device { struct rt_device parent; const struct rt_uart_ops *ops; struct serial_configure config; void *serial_rx; void *serial_tx; }; typedef struct rt_serial_device rt_serial_t;
/* * serial register */ rt_err_t rt_hw_serial_register(struct rt_serial_device *serial, const char *name, rt_uint32_t flag, void *data) { struct rt_device *device; RT_ASSERT(serial != RT_NULL); device = &(serial->parent); device->type = RT_Device_Class_Char; device->rx_indicate = RT_NULL; device->tx_complete = RT_NULL; device->init = rt_serial_init; device->open = rt_serial_open; device->close = rt_serial_close; device->read = rt_serial_read; device->write = rt_serial_write; device->control = rt_serial_control; device->user_data = data; /* register a character device */ return rt_device_register(device, name, flag); }
struct stm32_uart* uart;
rt_hw_serial_register(&serial1, "uart1", RT_DEVICE_FLAG_RDWR | RT_DEVICE_FLAG_INT_RX , uart);
rt_serial_device设备驱动采用派生rt_device实现驱动,实现一套共用的驱动函数-------linux中相当于platform_driver;
rt_serial_device的私有数据保存具体设备相关参数(与硬件密切相关)------linux中相当于platform_device。
最后通过rt_hw_serial_register()/rt_device_register()将uart(硬件device)和rt_serial_device(驱动)注册到系统驱动框架中(rt_device)。
上述采用派生和私有数据相结合的方法可使具体硬件与驱动分开,便于单独修改硬件;
原来(旧版本)将具体硬件与驱动都通过私有数据注册到系统驱动框架中。------自己理解。
私有数据方式实现驱动可节省空间,效率可能更高。
当为了实现硬件与业务分开,故可约定俗成:业务用派生实现,硬件用私有数据实现。