• 学习 Vue.js 需要掌握的 es6 (2)


    类与模块

    es6 之前,通常使用构造函数来创建对象

    // 构造函数 User
    function User(username, email) {
        this.username = username;
        this.email = email;
    }
    
    // 为了让实例共享方法,将其添加到原型上
    User.prototype.changeEmail = function(newEmail) {
        this.email = newEmail;
    }
    
    // 使用
    let user = new User("zen", "ihuangmx@qq.com")
    user.changeEmail("change@qq.com");
    console.log(user.email); //=> "change@qq.com"

    而 es6 则可以写成

    class User {
        // 实例化时,调用 constructor 方法,默认返回 this
        constructor(username, email) {
            this.username = username;
            this.email = email;
        }
    
        // 类的所有方法会自动绑定到原型对象上,包括 constructor
        changeEmail(newEmail) {
            this.email = newEmail;
        }
    }
    
    // 使用
    let user = new User("zen", "ihuangmx@qq.com")
    user.changeEmail("change@qq.com");
    console.log(user.email); //=> "change@qq.com"

    类中可以定义静态方法,也可以使用 get 与 set 进行访问控制:

    class User {
        constructor(username, email) {
            this.username = username;
            this.email = email;
        }
    
        changeEmail(newEmail) {
            this.email = newEmail;
        }
    
        static register(...args) {
            return new User(...args);
        }
    
        // 等价
        // static register(username, email) {
        //     return new User(username, email);
        // }
    
        get info() {
            return this.username + " " + this.email;
        }
    
        //  首字符大写
        set name(name) {
            this.username = name.slice(0,1).toUpperCase().concat(name.slice(1));
        }
    }
    
    // 使用
    let user = User.register("zen", "ihuangmx@qq.com")
    console.log(user.info)  // zen ihuangmx@qq.com
    user.name = "jack" 
    console.log(user.info)  // Jack ihuangmx@qq.com
    类可以作为参数进行传递:
    function log(strategy) {
        strategy.handle();
    }
    
    class ConsoleLogger {
        handle() {
            console.log("log log log");
        }
    }
    
    log(new ConsoleLogger);  //=> log log log
     

    模块

    在 TaskCollection.js 中定义一个类

    class TaskCollection {
        constructor(tasks = []) {
            this.tasks = tasks;
        }
    
        dump() {
            console.log(this.tasks);
        }
    }

    在 main.js 中使用该类

    const tc = new TaskCollection([
        'shop',
        'eat',
        'sleep'
    ]);
    
    tc.dump();

    index.html - 显示页面。如果要使其生效的话,在不使用第三方库的情况下,只能将两个文件同时引入

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
        <script src="TaskCollection.js"></script>
        <script src="main.js"></script>
    </body>
    </html>

    这样做的话,我们将无法看到彼此间的关联(main.js 加载 TaskCollection.js),因此,es6 提供了解决方案,即模块。通过 export 和 import 来实现

    TaskCollection.js - 使用 export 命令显式指定输出的代码

    // 输出类
    export class TaskCollection {
        constructor(tasks = []) {
            this.tasks = tasks;
        }
    
        dump() {
            console.log(this.tasks);
        }
    }
    
    // 输出函数
    export function foo(){
        console.log("foo");
    }
    
    // 输出变量
    export let bar = 123;
    
    
    // 可以统一输出,使其一目了然
    // export {TaskCollection, foo, bar};

    main.js - 使用 import 加载模块

    import { TaskCollection, foo, bar as bar1 } from './TaskCollection';
    
    const tc = new TaskCollection([
        'shop',
        'eat',
        'sleep'
    ]);
    
    tc.dump();
    foo();
    console.log(bar1); 

    index.html - 只需要引用 main.js

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
        <script src="main.js"></script>
    </body>
    </html>

    由于当前的浏览器还不支持 es6 语法,我们可以使用打包工具。这里简单的举两个。

    rollup.js

    全局安装

    $ cnpm install --global rollup

    使用

    $ rollup main.js --format iife --output bundle.js # 针对客户端指定格式为 iife

    然后只需要引用生成的 bundle.js

    index.html

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Document</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
        <script src="bundle.js"></script>
    </body>
    </html>

    webpack

    安装

    $ cnpm install -g webpack

    打包

    $ webpack main.js bundle.js

    或者在当前项目下使用

    $ cd webpack-demo-2
    $ cnpm install webpack --save-dev

    建立配置文件并设置

    /webpack-demo-2/webpack.config.js
    
    var webpack = require('webpack');
    
    module.exports = {
        entry: './main.js',
        output: {
            filename: './dist/main.js'
        }
    }

    打包

    $ webpack

    通常是将其加入到 package.json 中

    
    
    webpack-demo-2/package.json

    {
    "devDependencies": { "webpack": "^2.5.1" }, "scripts": { "build": "webpack" } }

    现在,只需要运行

    $ cnpm run build

     

    转换 js

    可以注意到,rollup 和 webpack 都仅仅是将其打包,并没有转化为兼容的 js

    // 部分打包后的代码
    // dist/main.js
    "use strict";
    /* harmony export (immutable) */ __webpack_exports__["b"] = foo;
    /* harmony export (binding) */ __webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, "c", function() { return bar; });
    // export 命令显式指定输出的代码
    // 输出类
    class TaskCollection {
        constructor(tasks = []) {
            this.tasks = tasks;
        }
    
        dump() {
            console.log(this.tasks);
        }
    }

    这里以 webpack 为例,讲解如何转化为兼容的 js,首先安装相关工具

    $ cnpm install --save-dev buble-loader buble

    添加

    
    
    /webpack-demo-2/webpack.config.js

    var
    webpack = require('webpack'); module.exports = { entry: './main.js', output: { filename: './dist/main.js' }, module: { loaders: [ { test: /.js$/, loaders: 'buble-loader' } ] } }

    执行

    $ cnpm run build

    现在,可以发现已经转化为兼容的 js 了

    "use strict";
    /* harmony export (binding) */ __webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, "a", function() { return TaskCollection; });
    /* harmony export (immutable) */ __webpack_exports__["b"] = foo;
    /* harmony export (binding) */ __webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, "c", function() { return bar; });
    // export 命令显式指定输出的代码
    // 输出类
    var TaskCollection = function TaskCollection(tasks) {
        if ( tasks === void 0 ) tasks = [];
    
        this.tasks = tasks;
    };
    
    TaskCollection.prototype.dump = function dump () {
        console.log(this.tasks);
    };
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dxxzst/p/9491945.html
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