• 通用线程池


    通用线程池

    1. 架构模型

    2. 核心参数

    3. 继承体系

    • Executor: 顶级接口,任务执行器
    • ExecutorService:即Executor Service,跟我们正常写方法比较类似,定义了线程池的通用方法
    • AbstractExecutorService: 典型的模版方法模式实现,主流程有抽象类实现,提供钩子方法,由子类实现。

    4. AbstractExecutorService实现

    4.1 submit

    将Runable和Callable包装成RunnableFuture对象,调用子类实现的execute(RunableFuture)防范】

        /**
         * @throws RejectedExecutionException {@inheritDoc}
         * @throws NullPointerException       {@inheritDoc}
         */
        public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
            if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
            RunnableFuture<Void> ftask = newTaskFor(task, null);
            execute(ftask);
            return ftask;
        }
    
        /**
         * @throws RejectedExecutionException {@inheritDoc}
         * @throws NullPointerException       {@inheritDoc}
         */
        public <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result) {
            if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
            RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task, result);
           // 钩子函数,由子类实现具体的调度逻辑
            execute(ftask);
            return ftask;
        }
    
        /**
         * @throws RejectedExecutionException {@inheritDoc}
         * @throws NullPointerException       {@inheritDoc}
         */
        public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
            if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
            RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task);
            execute(ftask);
            return ftask;
        }
    

    4.2 invokeAll

    • 首先将集合中的所有Callable包装成RunnableFuture,并调用execute(Runable)方法
    • 依次调用Future.get(),注意主动cancel和执行异常会被吞掉
    • 超时后,会尝试中断未执行完的线程

    4.3 invokeAny

    • 有任何一个执行完成就结束
    • 完成后,会尝试中断正在执行的任务(不一定能取消掉)
    • 超时会中断所有正在执行的任务

    5. ThreadPoolExecutorService实现

    • 线程池状态:

    • 运行状态
      • RUNNING:接收新的任务,处理队列中的任务
      • SHUTDOWN:不接受新任务,但是处理队列中的任务
      • STOP:不接受新任务,不处理队列中的任务,同时打断队列中的任务
      • TIDYING:所有任务都终止,工作线程数量为0,在转换为TIDYING状态后会执行钩子函数terminated()
      • TERMINATED: terminated() 执行结束
    // 用高3位表示线程池的状态, 总共5个状态,3位正好可以表示
    private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;
    private static final int COUNT_MASK = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;
    
    // runState is stored in the high-order bits
    private static final int RUNNING    = -1 << COUNT_BITS;
    private static final int SHUTDOWN   =  0 << COUNT_BITS;
    private static final int STOP       =  1 << COUNT_BITS;
    private static final int TIDYING    =  2 << COUNT_BITS;
    private static final int TERMINATED =  3 << COUNT_BITS;
    

    5.1 shutdown()

    public void shutdown() {
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            checkShutdownAccess();
            // CAS 设置保证执行状态为SHUTDOWN
            advanceRunState(SHUTDOWN);
            // 中断空闲线程
            interruptIdleWorkers();
            onShutdown(); // hook for ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
        // 这里会尝试终止,实际不一定能终止,最后一个线程会调用终止
        tryTerminate();
    }
    

    5.2 shutdownNow()

    public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
        List<Runnable> tasks;
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            checkShutdownAccess();
            // CAS 设置保证执行状态为STOP
            advanceRunState(STOP);
            // 中断所有的执行线程
            interruptWorkers();
            // 取出所有未执行的任务返回,给业务线程机会是否处理该线程
            tasks = drainQueue();
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
        // 这里会尝试终止,实际不一定能终止,最后一个线程会调用终止
        tryTerminate();
        return tasks;
    }
    

    5.3 awaitTerminated() & tryTerminate()

        public boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
            throws InterruptedException {
            long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
            final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
            mainLock.lock();
            try {
                for (;;) {
                  // 线程池为Terminated才会正常结束
                    if (runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), TERMINATED))
                        return true;
                    if (nanos <= 0)
                        return false;
                   // 利用条件变量,类似wait notify,但是这里支持等待时长
                    nanos = termination.awaitNanos(nanos);
                }
            } finally {
                mainLock.unlock();
            }
        }
    
        final void tryTerminate() {
            for (;;) {
                int c = ctl.get();
                if (isRunning(c) ||
                    runStateAtLeast(c, TIDYING) ||
                    (runStateOf(c) == SHUTDOWN && ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
                    return;
                if (workerCountOf(c) != 0) { // Eligible to terminate
                    interruptIdleWorkers(ONLY_ONE);
                    return;
                }
    
             	  // 只有一个线程会执行到下面的代码,其他线程在上面return了
                final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
                mainLock.lock();
                try {
                    // tidying状态才能终止,线程数为0,队列是空
                    if (ctl.compareAndSet(c, ctlOf(TIDYING, 0))) {
                        try {
                            // 钩子方法
                            terminated();
                        } finally {
                            // 状态标记为终止
                            ctl.set(ctlOf(TERMINATED, 0));
                            // 条件标量通知等待结束的线程可以放行了,之所以是signall->多个线程等待都会被放行
                            termination.signalAll();
                        }
                        return;
                    }
                } finally {
                    mainLock.unlock();
                }
                // else retry on failed CAS
            }
        }
    

    5.4 核心方法:execute

    执行下面的操作:

    • 一言以蔽之:先添加核心线程,然后添加到队列,队列满了后创建非核心线程。最后执行拒绝策略。
        public void execute(Runnable command) {
            if (command == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
          
            int c = ctl.get();
            // 小于核心线程数,需要启动新任务
            if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
                // 会自动检测runState和workerCount, 
                // 如果添加失败,如果返回false,要么线程数超过核心线程数,要么runState已经变更,执行后续的处理
                if (addWorker(command, true))
                    return;
                c = ctl.get();
            }
          
            // 如果是运行状态说明,添加失败的原因是超过核心线线程数,先添加到队列中
            if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
                // 多线程场景,double-check
                int recheck = ctl.get();
                // 不在运行态,直接回滚
                if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                  // 执行拒绝策略  
                  reject(command);
                // 运行态,运行线程数等于0
                else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
                  // 第一个任务为null, 会从队列中取1个任务作为第一个任务执行  
                  addWorker(null, false);
            }
            // 添加到队列失败,创建非核心线程,执行任务
            else if (!addWorker(command, false))
                // 执行拒绝策略
                reject(command);
        }
    

    5.5 核心方法addWorker

    Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
       setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker
       this.firstTask = firstTask;
       // 创建线程的runable对象传的是this,即worker对象,t.start会执行worker的run方法,调用runWorker(this)
       this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);
    }
    /**
     * firstTask: 第一个需要执行的任务
     * core: 是否创建核心线程数
     **/
    private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
        retry:
        for (int c = ctl.get();;) {
            // 如果线程池runState 为Stop状态,直接返回false
            // shutDown状态,会执行队列中的任务,但不会执行新的任务,所以不需要创建新线程
            if (runStateAtLeast(c, SHUTDOWN)
                && (runStateAtLeast(c, STOP)
                    || firstTask != null
                    || workQueue.isEmpty()))
                return false;
    
            for (;;) {
                // 大于核心线程数还是大雨最大线程数,取决于core参数,超过了就不能创建新线程了,返回false,外层调用者会执行拒绝策略
                if (workerCountOf(c)
                    >= ((core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize) & COUNT_MASK))
                    return false;
                // CAS保证线程安全+1,即workerCount+1
                if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                    // break跳出循环,执行循环后面的内容,continue不会跳出循环
                    break retry;
                // CAS失败,说明workerCount已经被其他线程变更, 重新取值判断
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                // 运行状态到了SHUT DOWN以后(STOP, TIDYing)重新跳出到外层循环
                if (runStateAtLeast(c, SHUTDOWN))
                    continue retry;
                // 其他情况运行状态不变,只需要重新执行下内层循环判断数量
            }
        }
        
        // 工作线程数已经+1, 如果真正启动失败,会回滚 
        boolean workerStarted = false;
        boolean workerAdded = false;
        Worker w = null;
        try {
            w = new Worker(firstTask);
            final Thread t = w.thread;
            if (t != null) {
                final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
                mainLock.lock();
                try {
                    // Recheck while holding lock.
                    // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                    // shut down before lock acquired.
                    int c = ctl.get();
    
                    if (isRunning(c) ||
                        (runStateLessThan(c, STOP) && firstTask == null)) {
                        if (t.getState() != Thread.State.NEW)
                            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                        // 向容器中添加工作对象
                        workers.add(w);
                        workerAdded = true;
                        int s = workers.size();
                        if (s > largestPoolSize)
                            largestPoolSize = s;
                    }
                } finally {
                    mainLock.unlock();
                }
                if (workerAdded) {
                    // 启动的时候,会执行Worker对象的run方法
                    t.start();
                    workerStarted = true;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            if (! workerStarted)
                // 添加失败,这里会回滚线程数
                addWorkerFailed(w);
        }
        return workerStarted;
    }
    

    5.6 Woker.runWork(Worker w)方法

    final void runWorker(Worker w) {
        Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
        Runnable task = w.firstTask;
        w.firstTask = null;
        w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
        boolean completedAbruptly = true;
        try {
           // keepAliveTime, getTask会调用阻塞队列的poll方法一直到取到为止,
           // 如果超时(keepAliveTime)未取到,会抛出中断异常,processWorkerExit会执行,删除工作线程,由GC回收
            while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
                w.lock();
                // shutdown的时候需要清除中断标志位,因为当前线程还要执行线程中的任务
                // shutDownNow, 需要确保处于中断状态, 所以在任务中调用中断后,下一次任务会清除中断标志位
                // 中断的时候,join,wait, notify等都可以响应中断标志位
                if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                     (Thread.interrupted() &&
                      runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                    !wt.isInterrupted())
                    wt.interrupt();
                try {
                    //子类实现钩子函数
                    beforeExecute(wt, task);
                    try {
                        // 执行任务
                        task.run();
                        // 子类实现
                        afterExecute(task, null);
                    } catch (Throwable ex) {
                        afterExecute(task, ex);
                        throw ex;
                    }
                } finally {
                    task = null;
                    w.completedTasks++;
                    w.unlock();
                }
            }
            // 有异常的情况下,该值位true
            completedAbruptly = false;
        } finally {
            // 有异常的情况下,该值位true, 会减少workerCount, 
            // 以便能重新创建线程,所有抛出异常并不会导致没有线程可用
            processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
        }
    }
    
    private void processWorkerExit(Worker w, boolean completedAbruptly) {
        if (completedAbruptly) // If abrupt, then workerCount wasn't adjusted
            decrementWorkerCount();
    
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            completedTaskCount += w.completedTasks;
            workers.remove(w);
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();  
        }
    
        tryTerminate();
    
        int c = ctl.get();
        if (runStateLessThan(c, STOP)) {
            if (!completedAbruptly) {
                int min = allowCoreThreadTimeOut ? 0 : corePoolSize;
                // 保证至少一个线程运行
                if (min == 0 && ! workQueue.isEmpty())
                    min = 1;
                if (workerCountOf(c) >= min)
                    return; // replacement not needed
            }
            addWorker(null, false);
        }
    }
    
    没有智能的代码,源码面前了无秘密
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dragonfei/p/15790390.html
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