一、UML图
二、概念
工厂方法模式(Factory Method):定义一个用于创建对象的接口,让子类决定实例化哪一个类。工厂方法是一个类的实例化延迟到其子类。
三、包括的角色
(1)抽象工厂
(2)详细工厂
(3)抽象产品
(4)详细产品
四、优势
(1)工厂方法模式是对简单工厂模式的略微的改进。工厂方法模式的用意是定义一个创建产品对象的工厂接口,将实际工作推迟到子类中。
(2)与简单工厂模式相比,制造产品的工厂类不再 仅仅有一个。而是每种详细产品类都相应一个生产它的详细工厂类。
而这些详细工厂类的共同特征再被提取出来形成一个抽象产品类,这些详细产品类都继承自这个抽象产品类。
(3)当须要添加一种产品的时候,须要做的是:添加一种继承自抽象产品的详细产品类。添加一种继承在抽象工厂的详细工厂类。更改client。而不须要在简单工厂模式中那样更改工厂内的switch。
五、C++实现
(1)计算器的样例
#include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; //抽象产品类 class Operation { protected: double numberA; double numberB; public: double getA() { return numberA; } double getB() { return numberB; } void setA(double number) { numberA=number; } void setB(double number) { numberB=number; } virtual double GetResult() { double result=0; return result; } }; //以下是四个详细产品类 class OperationAdd:public Operation { public: double GetResult() { double result=0; result=numberA+numberB; return result; } }; class OperationSub:public Operation { public: double GetResult() { double result=0; result=numberA-numberB; return result; } }; class OperationMul:public Operation { public: double GetResult() { double result=0; result=numberA*numberB; return result; } }; class OperationDiv:public Operation { public: double GetResult() { double result=0; if(numberB!=0) result=numberA/numberB; return result; } }; //抽象工厂类 class AbstractFactory { public: virtual Operation* createOperation() { return new Operation; } }; //以下是四个详细工厂类。分别用于产生四个详细产品 class AddFactory:public AbstractFactory { public: Operation* createOperation() { Operation* oper=new OperationAdd; return oper; } }; class SubFactory:public AbstractFactory { public: Operation* createOperation() { Operation* oper=new OperationSub; return oper; } }; class MulFactory:public AbstractFactory { public: Operation* createOperation() { Operation* oper=new OperationMul; return oper; } }; class DivFactory:public AbstractFactory { public: Operation* createOperation() { Operation* oper=new OperationDiv; return oper; } }; //client void main() { AbstractFactory* af=NULL; af=new AddFactory(); Operation* oper=NULL; oper=af->createOperation(); oper->setA(1); oper->setB(2); cout<<oper->GetResult()<<endl; if(af!=NULL) { delete af; af=NULL; } if(oper!=NULL) { delete oper; oper=NULL; } system("pause"); }
(2)雷锋工厂的样例
#include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; //抽象产品类:雷锋 class Leifeng { public: virtual void Sweep() { cout<<"扫地"<<endl; } virtual void Wash() { cout<<"洗衣"<<endl; } virtual void BuyRice() { cout<<"买米"<<endl; } }; //以下是两个详细产品类 class Undergraduate:public Leifeng { public: void Sweep() { cout<<"学生-扫地"<<endl; } void Wash() { cout<<"学生-洗衣"<<endl; } void BuyRice() { cout<<"学生-买米"<<endl; } }; class Volunteer:public Leifeng { public: void Sweep() { cout<<"志愿者-扫地"<<endl; } void Wash() { cout<<"志愿者-洗衣"<<endl; } void BuyRice() { cout<<"志愿者-买米"<<endl; } }; //抽象工厂类 class AbstractFactory { public: virtual Leifeng* CreateLeifeng() { return new Leifeng; } }; //以下是两个详细工厂类,分别于两个详细产品相相应 class UndergraduateFactory:public AbstractFactory { public: Undergraduate* CreateLeifeng() { return new Undergraduate; } }; class VolunteerFactory:public AbstractFactory { public: Volunteer* CreateLeifeng() { return new Volunteer(); } }; //client void main() { //想要生产Volunteer产品的话,仅仅须要将此处的UndergraduateFactory更改为VolunteerFactory就可以。 AbstractFactory* af=NULL; af=new VolunteerFactory; Leifeng* lf=NULL; lf=af->CreateLeifeng(); lf->BuyRice(); lf->Sweep(); lf->Wash(); if(af!=NULL) { delete af; af=NULL; } if(lf!=NULL) { delete lf; lf=NULL; } system("pause"); }
(3)执行截图