Spring Factories机制简述
Spring Factories机制和Java SPI的扩展机制类似,Spring Boot采用了spring.factories的扩展机制,在很多spring的starter 包中都可以看到,通过读取 META-INF/spring.factories文件中的配置指定自动配置类入口,然后在程序中读取这些配置文件并实例化,从而让框架加载该类实现jar的动态加载。比如我们自定义的一些Spring Boot Starter公共组件就可以使用Spring Factories机制,通过极简的配置就可以在需要使用组件的地方引入依赖直接使用。
什么是SPI机制
SPI ,全称为 Service Provider Interface,是一种服务发现机制。它通过在ClassPath路径下的META-INF/services文件夹查找文件,自动加载文件里所定义的类。
这一机制为很多框架扩展提供了可能,比如在Dubbo、JDBC中都使用到了SPI机制。
Spring Factories实现原理
spring-core包(博主的是版本是5.2.8.RELEASE)里定义了SpringFactoriesLoader类,这个类实现了检索META-INF/spring.factories文件,并获取指定接口的配置的功能。
以下为SpringFactoriesLoader类的注释说明:
General purpose factory loading mechanism for internal use within the framework
即该类是为框架内部使用工厂加载机制服务的。SpringFactoriesLoader loads and instantiates factories of a given type from FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION files which may be present in multiple JAR files in the classpath.
SpringFactoriesLoader类通过读取spring.factories文档(该文档会存在多个classpath的多个jar包中),对给定的type及factoryClass加载和实例化其工厂类。The spring.factories file must be in java.util.Properties format, where the key is the fully qualified name of the interface or abstract class, and the value is a comma-separated list of implementation class names.
spring.factories格式:key为接口或抽象类全称,value为具体实现类全称的列表举例如下:
# PropertySource Loaders org.springframework.boot.env.PropertySourceLoader= org.springframework.boot.env.PropertiesPropertySourceLoader, org.springframework.boot.env.YamlPropertySourceLoader # Run Listeners org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener= org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener
通过FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION指定扫描的配置文件路径:
/**
* The location to look for factories.
* <p>Can be present in multiple JAR files.
*/
public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";
类中定义了两个公共的方法:
- loadFactories 根据接口类获取其实现类的实例,这个方法返回的是对象列表。
- loadFactoryNames 根据接口获取其接口类的名称,这个方法返回的是类名的列表。
其中还包含了私有方法:
- instantiateFactory 根据类名创建实例对象。
- loadSpringFactories 通过扫描配置文件获取接口名称和接口实现类名称列表。
loadFactories
loadFactories方法首先调用loadFactoryNames方法获取待实例化的具体实现类的全称,然后调用instantiateFactory方法实例化每一个具体实现类,最终返回一个具体实现类的实例列表。
public static <T> List<T> loadFactories(Class<T> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
Assert.notNull(factoryType, "'factoryType' must not be null");
ClassLoader classLoaderToUse = classLoader;
if (classLoaderToUse == null) {
classLoaderToUse = SpringFactoriesLoader.class.getClassLoader();
}
//调用loadFactoryNames获取接口的实现类
List<String> factoryImplementationNames = loadFactoryNames(factoryType, classLoaderToUse);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Loaded [" + factoryType.getName() + "] names: " + factoryImplementationNames);
}
//遍历 factoryNames 数组,创建实现类的对象
List<T> result = new ArrayList<>(factoryImplementationNames.size());
for (String factoryImplementationName : factoryImplementationNames) {
//调用instantiateFactory根据类创建实例对象
result.add(instantiateFactory(factoryImplementationName, factoryType, classLoaderToUse));
}
//排序
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(result);
return result;
}
instantiateFactory
根据实现类名实例化每一个具体实现类返回
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private static <T> T instantiateFactory(String factoryImplementationName, Class<T> factoryType, ClassLoader classLoader) {
try {
Class<?> factoryImplementationClass = ClassUtils.forName(factoryImplementationName, classLoader);
if (!factoryType.isAssignableFrom(factoryImplementationClass)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Class [" + factoryImplementationName + "] is not assignable to factory type [" + factoryType.getName() + "]");
}
return (T) ReflectionUtils.accessibleConstructor(factoryImplementationClass).newInstance();
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Unable to instantiate factory class [" + factoryImplementationName + "] for factory type [" + factoryType.getName() + "]",
ex);
}
}
loadFactoryNames
在这个方法中会遍历整个ClassLoader中所有jar包下的spring.factories文件。通过Properties解析所有接口的实现类名称。
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();
return loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
}
loadSpringFactories
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.get(classLoader);
if (result != null) {
return result;
}
try {
Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ?
classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = urls.nextElement();
UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim();
//StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray:将配置文件中的value(接口实现类名称)通过","分隔成String数组
for (String factoryImplementationName : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue())) {
result.add(factoryTypeName, factoryImplementationName.trim());
}
}
}
cache.put(classLoader, result);
return result;
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +
FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
}
}