proxy的概念
proxy英文原意是代理的意思,在ES6中,可以翻译为"代理器"。
它主要用于改变某些操作的默认行为,等同于在语言层面做出修改,所以属于一种“元编程”(meta programming),即对编程语言进行编程。
proxy在目标对象的外层搭建了一层拦截,外界对目标对象的某些操作(后文会说明,有哪些操作可以拦截),必须通过这层拦截。
语法
var proxy = new Proxy(target, handler);
通过构造函数生成proxy,target参数是要拦截的目标对象,handler参数也是一个对象,用来定制拦截行为。
例子
var obj = new Proxy({}, {
get: function (target, key, receiver) {
console.log(`getting ${key}!`);
return Reflect.get(target, key, receiver);
},
set: function (target, key, value, receiver) {
console.log(`setting ${key}!`);
return Reflect.set(target, key, value, receiver);
}
});
一般将handle参数说成配置对象,在配置对象中,可以定义需要拦截的操作。如果配置对象为空,那么对proxy的操作将直通目标对象。
对proxy操作才有拦截效果,而不是目标对象。
Proxy实例的方法
当读取不存在的属性时候,抛出错误而不是返回undefined
var person = {
name: "张三"
};
var proxy = new Proxy(person, {
get: function(target, property) {
if (property in target) {
return target[property];
} else {
throw new ReferenceError("Property "" + property + "" does not exist.");
}
}
});
proxy.name // "张三"
proxy.age // 抛出一个错误
拦截读取继承属性
let proto = new Proxy({}, {
get(target, propertyKey, receiver) {
console.log('GET '+propertyKey);
return target[propertyKey];
}
});
let obj = Object.create(proto);
obj.xxx // "GET xxx"
数组读取负数索引(负数索引表示倒着取数)
function createArray(...elements) {
let handler = {
get(target, propKey, receiver) {
let index = Number(propKey);
if (index < 0) {
propKey = String(target.length + index);
}
return Reflect.get(target, propKey, receiver);
}
};
let target = [];
target.push(...elements);
return new Proxy(target, handler);
}
let arr = createArray('a', 'b', 'c');
arr[-1] // c
实现数据的限制
let validator = {
set: function(obj, prop, value) {
if (prop === 'age') {
if (!Number.isInteger(value)) {
throw new TypeError('The age is not an integer');
}
if (value > 200) {
throw new RangeError('The age seems invalid');
}
}
// 对于age以外的属性,直接保存
obj[prop] = value;
}
};
let person = new Proxy({}, validator);
person.age = 100;
person.age // 100
person.age = 'young' // 报错
person.age = 300 // 报错
防止内部属性“_”被外部读写(通常我们以下划线开头,表示其实内部属性)
var handler = {
get (target, key) {
invariant(key, 'get');
return target[key];
},
set (target, key, value) {
invariant(key, 'set');
target[key] = value;
return true;
}
};
function invariant (key, action) {
if (key[0] === '_') {
throw new Error(`Invalid attempt to ${action} private "${key}" property`);
}
}
var target = {};
var proxy = new Proxy(target, handler);
proxy._prop
// Error: Invalid attempt to get private "_prop" property
proxy._prop = 'c'
// Error: Invalid attempt to set private "_prop" property
拦截——函数调用、call、apply操作
var twice = {
apply (target, ctx, args) {
return Reflect.apply(...arguments) * 2;
}
};
function sum (left, right) {
return left + right;
};
var proxy = new Proxy(sum, twice);
proxy(1, 2) // 6
proxy.call(null, 5, 6) // 22
proxy.apply(null, [7, 8]) // 30
不对...in...循环生效
var handler = {
has (target, key) {
if (key[0] === '_') {
return false;
}
return key in target;
}
};
var target = { _prop: 'foo', prop: 'foo' };
var proxy = new Proxy(target, handler);
'_prop' in proxy // false
不对for...in...循环生效
let stu1 = {name: '张三', score: 59};
let stu2 = {name: '李四', score: 99};
let handler = {
has(target, prop) {
if (prop === 'score' && target[prop] < 60) {
console.log(`${target.name} 不及格`);
return false;
}
return prop in target;
}
}
let oproxy1 = new Proxy(stu1, handler);
let oproxy2 = new Proxy(stu2, handler);
'score' in oproxy1
// 张三 不及格
// false
'score' in oproxy2
// true
for (let a in oproxy1) {
console.log(oproxy1[a]);
}
// 张三
// 59
for (let b in oproxy2) {
console.log(oproxy2[b]);
}
// 李四
// 99
拦截object.keys()方法
let target = {
a: 1,
b: 2,
c: 3
};
let handler = {
ownKeys(target) {
return ['a'];
}
};
let proxy = new Proxy(target, handler);
Object.keys(proxy)
// [ 'a' ]
本文来源 RYF