实验四外设驱动程序设计
实验任务一:
- 任务内容:
学习资源中全课中的“hqyj.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发标准教程.pdf”中的第十一章
提交康奈尔笔记的照片(可以多张) - 任务操作
我观看PDF文件后进行如下笔记:
实验任务二:
- 任务内容:
在Ubuntu完成资源中全课中的“hqyj.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发标准教程.pdf”中的第十一章的test试验
提交编译,加载模块,卸载模块,测试运行的截图(要多张,全屏,体现学号信息) - 任务操作:
首先按照书上的要求,建立驱动代码源程序:
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#define TEST_DEVICE_NAME "test_dev"
#define BUFF_SZ 1024
static struct cdev test_dev;
unsigned int major = 0;
static char *data = NULL;
static ssize_t test_read(struct file *file, char *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos)
{
int len;
if (count < 0)
{
return -EINVAL;
}
len = strlen(data);
count = (len > count)?count:len;
if (copy_to_user(buf, data, count))
{
return -EFAULT;
}
return count;
}
static ssize_t test_write(struct file *file, const char *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos)
{
if (count < 0)
{
return -EINVAL;
}
memset(data, 0, BUFF_SZ);
count = (BUFF_SZ > count)?count:BUFF_SZ;
if (copy_from_user(data, buffer, count))
{
return -EFAULT;
}
return count;
}
static int test_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk("This is open operation.
");
data = (char*)kmalloc(sizeof(char) * BUFF_SZ, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!data)
{
return -ENOMEM;
}
return 0;
}
static int test_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk("This is release operation.
");
if (data)
{
kfree(data);
data = NULL;
}
return 0;
}
static void test_setup_cdev(struct cdev *dev, int minor, struct file_operation *fops)
{
int err, devno = MKDEV(major, minor);
cdev_init(dev, fops);
dev->owner = THIS_MODULE;
dev->ops = fops;
err = cdev_add (dev, devno, 1);
if (err)
{
printk (KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding test %d", err, minor);
}
}
static struct file_operations test_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = test_read,
.write = test_write,
.open = test_open,
.release = test_release,
};
int init_module(void)
{
int result;
dev_t dev = MKDEV(major, 0);
if (major)
{
result = register_chrdev_region(dev, 1, TEST_DEVICE_NAME);
}
else
{
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, 0, 1,TEST_DEVICE_NAME);
}
if (result < 0)
{
printk(KERN_WARNING "Test device: unable to get major %d
",major);
return result;
}
test_setup_cdev(&test_dev, 0, &test_fops);
printk("The major of the test device is %d
", major);
return 0;
}
void cleanup_module(void)
{
cdev_del(&test_dev);
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, 0), 1);
printk("Test device uninstalled.
");
}
在完成驱动程序的源代码后,我们需要编辑一个Makefile文件:
KERNELDIR=/usr/src/4.4.0-101-generic
ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD := $(shell pwd)
modules:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
modules_install:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install
clean:
rm -rf *.o *~ core .depend .*.cmd *.ko *.mod.c .tmp_versions
.PHONY: modules modules_install clean
else
obj-m := test_drv.o
endif
在虚拟机中输入Makefile文件之后,我在进行make命令操作时总是会出错,上网查询后发现这是格式问题,在经过一定的修改后才完成Makefile的。
下面将加载脚本和卸载脚本做好:
# !/bin/sh
# 驱动模块名称
module="test_drv"
# 设备名称。在/proc/devices中出现
device="test_dev"
# 设备文件的属性
mode="664"
group="david"
# 删除已存在的设备节点
rm -f /dev/${device}
# 加载驱动模块
/sbin/insmod -f ./$module.ko $* || exit 1
# 查到创建设备的主设备号
major='cat /proc/devices | awk "\$2=="$device" {print \$1}"'
# 创建设备文件节点
mknod /dev/${device} c $major 0
# 设备文件属性
chgrp $group /dev/${device}
chomd $mode /dev/${device}
卸载脚本:
# !/bin/sh
module="test_frv"
device="test_frv"
# 卸载驱动模块
/sbin/rmmod $module $* || exit 1
# 删除设备文件
rm -f /dev/${device}
exit 0
做出测试代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define TEST_DEVICE_FILENAME "/dev/test_dev" //设备文件名
#define BUFF_SZ 1024 //缓冲大小
int main()
{
int fd,nwrite,nread;
char buff[BUFF_SZ]; //缓冲区
//打开设备文件
fd=open(TEST_DEVICE_FILENAME,O_RDWR);
if(fd<0)
{
perror("open");
exit(1);
}
do
{
printf("Input some words to kernel(enter 'quit' to exit):");
memset(buff,0,BUFF_SZ);
if(fgets(buff,BUFF_SZ,stdin)==NULL)
{
perror("fgets");
break;
}
buff[strlen(buff)-1]=' ';
if(write(fd,buff,strlen(buff))<0) //向设备写入数据
{
perror("fgets");
break;
}
if(read(fd,buff,BUFF_SZ)<0) //从设备读取数据
{
perror("read");
break;
}
else
{
printf("The read string is from kernel:%s
",buff);
}
} while(strncmp(buff,"quit",4));
close(fd);
exit(0);
}
进行测试: