【原】 POJ 2299 UltraQuickSort 逆序数 解题报告

http://poj.org/problem?id=2299

方法：

利用merge sort求逆序数，复杂度nlgn
如果比较每一对儿数（或使用bubble sort），复杂度为n^2，太慢
对于一对儿逆序对儿，有三种情况：两数都在数组左半边，两数都在数组右半边，两数分别在左右两个半边。
由于Merge时两个半边都为sorted，所以只会出现第三种情况。
计算逆序数只需要在Merge中加一句即可，当a[lb]>a[rb]时,a[lb...le]>a[rb]，所以逆序数为(le-lb+1)
由于题目中n<500,000，所以逆序数为O(n^2)，需要使用__int64存放，不然会溢出

Description

In this problem, you have to analyze a particular sorting algorithm. The algorithm processes a sequence of n distinct integers by swapping two adjacent sequence elements until the sequence is sorted in ascending order. For the input sequence

9 1 0 5 4 ,

Ultra-QuickSort produces the output

0 1 4 5 9 .

Your task is to determine how many swap operations Ultra-QuickSort needs to perform in order to sort a given input sequence.

Input

The input contains several test cases. Every test case begins with a line that contains a single integer n < 500,000 -- the length of the input sequence. Each of the the following n lines contains a single integer 0 ≤ a[i] ≤ 999,999,999, the i-th input sequence element. Input is terminated by a sequence of length n = 0. This sequence must not be processed.

Output

For every input sequence, your program prints a single line containing an integer number op, the minimum number of swap operations necessary to sort the given input sequence.

Sample Input

5

9

1

0

5

4

3

1

2

3

0

Sample Output

6

0

__int64 totalReverse = 0 ;

void Merge(int *a,int *tmpArr,int lb,int rb,int re)
{
    int le = rb-1 ;
    int index = lb ;
    int cpback = lb ;
    while( lb<=le && rb<=re )
    {
        if( a[lb] <= a[rb] )
            tmpArr[index++] = a[lb++] ;
        else
        {
            tmpArr[index++] = a[rb++] ;
            totalReverse += (le-lb+1) ;  //***  counting the reverse-pairs
        }
    }

    //copy the rest to the temp array
    while(lb<=le)
        tmpArr[index++] = a[lb++] ;
    while(rb<=re)
        tmpArr[index++] = a[rb++] ;

    //copy back
    for( ; cpback<=re ; ++cpback )
        a[cpback] = tmpArr[cpback] ;
}

void Msort(int *a,int *tmpArr,int b,int e)
{
    if(b<e)
    {
        int mid = b+(e-b)/2 ;
        Msort(a,tmpArr,b,mid);
        Msort(a,tmpArr,mid+1,e);
        Merge(a,tmpArr,b,mid+1,e);
    }
}

void MergeSort(int *a,int *tmpArr,int n)
{
    Msort(a,tmpArr,0,n-1) ;
}

void run2299()
{
    int n ;
    int i;
    int *a = new int[500000];
    int *tmpArr = new int[500000];
    while(cin>>n)
    {
        if(n==0)
             break ;

        for(i=0;i<n;++i)
            cin>>a[i] ;
        MergeSort(a,tmpArr,n) ;
        cout<<totalReverse<<endl;
        totalReverse = 0 ;
    }
    delete []a;
    delete []tmpArr;
}