iOS应用数据存储的常用方式
1.xml属性列表(plist)归档
2. Preference(偏好设置)
3.NSKeyedArchive归档(NSCoding)
4.SQLite
5.Core Data
1.xml属性列表(plist)归档
"plist文件存储" 1.字符串 数组 字典 可以直接存储数据在一个文件 2.掌握沙盒备目录的作用以及目录路径获取方式 // Document [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject] // 缓存 [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject]; // 临时 NSTemporaryDirectory(); // 主目录 NSHomeDirectory(); 3.不是所有对象都可以保存到plist文件中，要有实现writeFile方法才可以 4.学会使用SimPholders2打开沙盒目录
@interface HJPlistController ()
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *textView;
@property (strong,nonatomic) NSString *docPath;
- (IBAction)stringWrite:(id)sender;
- (IBAction)stringRead:(id)sender;
- (IBAction)arrayWrite:(id)sender;
- (IBAction)arrayRead:(id)sender;
- (IBAction)dictionoryWrite:(id)sender;
- (IBAction)dictionaryRead:(id)sender;
@end
/**
* 使用xml plist属性列表归档 ,preference偏好设置,使用NSKeyedArchiver归档(NSCoding)
*/
@implementation HJPlistController
- (NSString *)docPath{
// 获取 "沙盒"document目录
if (_docPath == nil) {
_docPath = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
_docPath = [_docPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"data.plist"];
}
return _docPath;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
//查看沙盒的路径
//1.控制台打印沙盒的路径,使用finder-前往-文件夹 打开
//2.控制台打印沙盒的路径,打开终端 open + 路径
//3.使用simpholders工具
//4.可以断点 输入po NSHomeDirectory()
//获取缓存路径(cache)
// NSString *cachePath = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
// NSLog(@"%@",cachePath);
//
//
// //获取临时路径(tmp)
// NSString *tmpPath = NSTemporaryDirectory();
// NSLog(@"%@",tmpPath);
//
// //主目录
// NSString *homePath = NSHomeDirectory();
// NSLog(@"%@",homePath);
}
- (IBAction)stringWrite:(id)sender {
NSLog(@"%@",self.docPath);
NSString *data = @"ios中国";
[data writeToFile:self.docPath atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
}
- (IBAction)stringRead:(id)sender {
NSString *resultStr = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:self.docPath encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
self.textView.text = resultStr;
}
- (IBAction)arrayWrite:(id)sender{
NSArray *dataArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",@"中",@"国", nil];
[dataArray writeToFile:self.docPath atomically:YES];
}
- (IBAction)arrayRead:(id)sender{
NSArray *resultData = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:self.docPath];
NSMutableString *ms = [NSMutableString string];
for (NSString *str in resultData) {
[ms appendString:str];
[ms appendString:@"
"];
}
self.textView.text = ms;
}
- (IBAction)dictionoryWrite:(id)sender{
NSDictionary *dict = @{@"a":@"1",@"2":@"2",@"zh":@"中国"};
[dict writeToFile:self.docPath atomically:YES];
}
- (IBAction)dictionaryRead:(id)sender{
NSDictionary *resultData = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:self.docPath];
NSMutableString *ms = [NSMutableString string];
NSArray *keys = resultData.allKeys;
for (NSString *key in keys) {
[ms appendFormat:@"%@:%@",key,resultData[key]];
[ms appendString:@"
"];
}
self.textView.text = ms;
}
@end
2."用户偏好设置"
"用户偏好设置" 1.ios中有个NSUserDefaults对象有可保存数据，我们称为用户偏好设置 2.通过[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]可以获取用户偏好设置对象，保存字符串 布尔值 int等数据 3.保存数据时，一定要调用synchronize，因为数据要及时保存到沙盒的文件中 /* NSUserDefaults *defualts = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]; [defualts setObject:@"zhangsan" forKey:@"username"]; [defualts setObject:@"123" forKey:@"password"]; [defualts setBool:YES forKey:@"autoLogin"]; [defualts setBool:YES forKey:@"rememberPwd"]; //同步 [defualts synchronize]; */
4.掌握用户偏好设置数据的获取，更改，删除
@interface HJPreferenceController ()
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *pwdTextField;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UISwitch *rememberSwith;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *dataLabel;
- (IBAction)saveBut:(id)sender;
- (IBAction)readBut:(id)sender;
- (IBAction)updateBut:(id)sender;
- (IBAction)deleteBut:(id)sender;
@end
@implementation HJPreferenceController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
/*
#pragma mark - Navigation
// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
// Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
// Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/
- (IBAction)saveBut:(id)sender {
NSUserDefaults *userDefault = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[userDefault setObject:self.pwdTextField.text forKey:@"pwd"];
[userDefault setBool:self.rememberSwith.isOn forKey:@"isRememberPwd"];
// 同步数据
[userDefault synchronize];
}
- (IBAction)readBut:(id)sender {
NSUserDefaults *userDefault = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
self.dataLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@:%@ %@:%d",@"pwd",[userDefault objectForKey:@"pwd"],@"isRememberPwd",[userDefault boolForKey:@"isRememberPwd"]];
}
// 修改偏好设置就是把键值重写设置 这样会覆盖原有的键值
- (IBAction)updateBut:(id)sender {
NSUserDefaults *userDefault = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[userDefault setObject:self.pwdTextField.text forKey:@"pwd"];
[userDefault setBool:self.rememberSwith.isOn forKey:@"isRememberPwd"];
[userDefault synchronize];
self.dataLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@:%@ %@:%d",@"pwd",[userDefault objectForKey:@"pwd"],@"isRememberPwd",[userDefault boolForKey:@"isRememberPwd"]];
}
- (IBAction)deleteBut:(id)sender {
NSUserDefaults *userDefault = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[userDefault removeObjectForKey:@"isRememberPwd"];
[userDefault synchronize];
self.dataLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@:%@ %@:%d",@"pwd",[userDefault objectForKey:@"pwd"],@"isRememberPwd",[userDefault boolForKey:@"isRememberPwd"]];
}
@end
3.NSKeyedArchive归档(NSCoding)
"NSKeyedArchiver归档" /*什么叫归档 归档就是把数据保存到一个文件中*/ 1.使用NSKeyedArchiver可以将NSArray NSDictiony NSString等对象归档到一个文件 2.只有实现了NSCoding协议的对象才可使用NSKeyedArchiver进行归档 3.将模型对象保存到一个文件时，对象要遵守NSCoding协议，并实现NSKeyedArchiver的encodeWithCoder方法, 4.从归档文件里读取对象时要实现NSCoding的initWithCoder方法 5.ios中，控制器，控件都继承NSCoding,storyboard/xib都是使用NSKeyedArchiver进行归档的
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface HJPerson : NSObject<NSCoding> @property (nonatomic,copy) NSString *name; @property (nonatomic,assign) int age; @property (nonatomic,strong) NSDate *birthday; @end
#import "HJPerson.h"
@implementation HJPerson
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{
[aCoder encodeObject:self.name forKey:@"name"];
[aCoder encodeInt:self.age forKey:@"age"];
[aCoder encodeObject:self.birthday forKey:@"birthday"];
}
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{
if (self == [super init]) {
self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
self.age = [aDecoder decodeIntForKey:@"age"];
self.birthday = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"birthday"];
}
return self;
}
@end
#import "HJPerson.h" #warning 父类遵循了NSCoding方法就可以再此不遵循 @interface HJStudent : HJPerson @property (nonatomic,strong) NSString *no; @end
#import "HJStudent.h"
@implementation HJStudent
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{
#warning 记得在此调用父类的方法进行初始化
[super encodeWithCoder:aCoder];
[aCoder encodeObject:self.no forKey:@"no"];
}
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{
#warning 记得在此调用父类的方法进行初始化
if (self == [super initWithCoder:aDecoder]) {
#warning 记得一定在此给属性赋值操作
self.no = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"no"];
}
return self;
}
- (NSString *)description{
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@,%d,%@,%@",self.name,self.age,self.birthday,self.no];
}
@end
//
// HJCodingController.m
// 数据存储
//
// Created by HJiang on 14/12/30.
// Copyright (c) 2014年 HJiang. All rights reserved.
//
#import "HJCodingController.h"
#import "HJStudent.h"
@interface HJCodingController ()
@property (strong,nonatomic) NSString *docPath;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *nameTextField;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *ageTextField;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *noTextField;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *birthdayTextField;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *resultLabel;
- (IBAction)birthdayChange:(UIDatePicker *)sender;
- (IBAction)saveBut:(id)sender;
- (IBAction)readBut:(id)sender;
@end
@implementation HJCodingController
- (NSString *)docPath{
// 获取 "沙盒"document目录
if (_docPath == nil) {
_docPath = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
_docPath = [_docPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"data.archiver"];
}
return _docPath;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
/*
#pragma mark - Navigation
// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
// Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
// Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/
- (IBAction)birthdayChange:(UIDatePicker *)sender {
NSDate *birthday = sender.date;
NSDateFormatter *df = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
df.dateFormat = @"yyyy-MM-dd";
self.birthdayTextField.text = [df stringFromDate:birthday];
}
- (IBAction)saveBut:(id)sender {
HJStudent *stu = [[HJStudent alloc] init];
stu.name = self.nameTextField.text;
stu.age = [self.ageTextField.text intValue];
NSDateFormatter *df = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
df.dateFormat = @"yyyy-MM-dd";
stu.birthday = [df dateFromString:self.birthdayTextField.text];
stu.no = self.noTextField.text;
NSLog(@"%@",stu);
BOOL isSuccess = [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:stu toFile:self.docPath];
NSLog(@"%@",isSuccess?@"保存成功":@"保存失败");
}
- (IBAction)readBut:(id)sender {
NSLog(@"%@",self.docPath);
HJStudent *stu = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:self.docPath];
NSLog(@"%@",stu);
self.resultLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@,%d,%@,%@",stu.name,stu.age,stu.birthday,stu.no];
}
@end