安装最新版本NextCloud Docker、Nginx、整合LetsEncrypt SSL证书

下面安装以Docker Compose方式安装为例，介绍怎么安装NextCloud，选择MySQL作为数据库。

这里就不介绍，怎么安装Docker和Docker Compose了，具体请自行学习。

1、创建NextCloud项目文件夹和Nginx conf.d文件夹

1）为nginx的配置文件创建一个conf.d文件夹

mkdir -p /opt/nextcloud/conf.d

2）创建 nextcloud.conf nginx 配置文件 

nano /opt/nextcloud/conf.d/nextcloud.conf

3）将以下信息复制到 nextcloud.conf 文件中。

upstream php-handler {
    server app:9000;
}

server {
    listen       80;
    listen       443 ssl http2;
    server_name  ${FQDN};
    # Max allowed upload file in web page
    client_max_body_size 20G;
    if ($server_port !~ 443){
        rewrite ^(/.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
    }

    # SSL and Support TLSv1.3
    ssl_certificate    /etc/letsencrypt/live/${FQDN}/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key    /etc/letsencrypt/live/${FQDN}/privkey.pem;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers TLS13-AES-256-GCM-SHA384:TLS13-CHACHA20-POLY1305-SHA256:TLS13-AES-128-GCM-SHA256:TLS13-AES-128-CCM-8-SHA256:TLS13-AES-128-CCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!RC4:!DHE;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_timeout 10m;
    error_page 497  https://$host$request_uri;

    # add header information to fix Nextcloud console warning messages
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
    add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
    add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
    add_header Referrer-Policy no-referrer;
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
    fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;

    root /var/www/html;

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    location = /.well-known/carddav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
    }
    location = /.well-known/caldav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
    }

    # Enable gzip compression
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    # redirection and disable to access backend sensitive folders and resources
    location / {
        rewrite ^ /index.php$request_uri;
    }

    location ~ ^\/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)\/ {
        deny all;
    }
    location ~ ^\/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
        deny all;
    }

    # PHP configuration
    location ~ ^\/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|ocs-provider\/.+)\.php(?:$|\/) {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(\/.*|)$;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
        #Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;
    }

    location ~ ^\/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|\/) {
        try_files $uri/ =404;
        index index.php;
    }

    location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff2?|svg|gif)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
        add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
        add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
        add_header Referrer-Policy no-referrer;
        access_log off;
    }

    location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        # Optional: Don't log access to other assets
        access_log off;
    }
}

2、 创建一个新的Nextcloud docker-compose文件

nano /opt/nextcloud/docker-compose.yml

1）用DB创建一个新的Nextcloud docker-compose文件

将以下信息复制到刚才创建好的文件中

version: '3'

volumes:
    letsencrypt:
    nextcloud:

services: 
    proxy:
        image: staticfloat/nginx-certbot
        ports:
            - 80:80
            - 443:443
        environment: 
            CERTBOT_EMAIL: example@itmao.club
            ENVSUBST_VARS: FQDN
            FQDN: nextcloud.itmao.club
        volumes:
            - ./conf.d:/etc/nginx/user.conf.d:ro
            - letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt
            - nextcloud:/var/www/html
        restart: unless-stopped

    db:
        image: mariadb
        environment:
            - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Password1234!@
            - MYSQL_PASSWORD=Password1234!@
            - MYSQL_DATABASE=nextcloud
            - MYSQL_USER=nextcloud
        volumes: 
            - ./mysql:/var/lib/mysql
        restart: unless-stopped
    
    app:
        image: nextcloud:fpm
        volumes:
            - nextcloud:/var/www/html
            - ./app/data:/var/www/html/data
            - ./app/config:/var/www/html/config
        restart: unless-stopped

    cron:
        image: rcdailey/nextcloud-cronjob
        environment:
            - NEXTCLOUD_CRON_MINUTE_INTERVAL=15
            - NEXTCLOUD_CONTAINER_NAME=app
            - NEXTCLOUD_PROJECT_NAME=nextcloud
        volumes:
            - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
            - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
        restart: always

2）上述配置文件中，你需要修改的有以下几个地方：

需要修改邮箱和绑定的域名

CERTBOT_EMAIL: example@itmao.club
ENVSUBST_VARS: FQDN
FQDN: nextcloud.itmao.club

MySQL密码和用户配置

 - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Password1234!@
 - MYSQL_PASSWORD=Password1234!@
 - MYSQL_DATABASE=nextcloud
 - MYSQL_USER=nextcloud

注释事项：

运行之前，要先创建DNS，域名A记录，上述文件的示例域名为：nextcloud.itmao.club，指向你需要配置的服务器的公网IP。

在打开防火墙的80和443端口，这些配置完成后，可以执行docker-compose命令启动你的docker。

cd /opt/nextcloud
docker-compose up -d

耐心等待安装并且启动结束后，可以用浏览器访问域名：https://nextcloud.itmao.club

输入刚才的docker compose配置文件的配置信息进行安装。

3、安装完成后

1）安装完成后，有几件事情需要清理和进一步配置。

安装Docker后，我们将不得不运行以下两个命令来修复设置警告。 

docker-compose exec -u www-data app php occ db:add-missing-indices
docker-compose exec -u www-data app php occ db:convert-filecache-bigint

2）在您的 nextCloud 用户下添加本地文件夹
例如，如果您的 nextcloud 用户是管理员，您想在该用户下添加您的本地文件，您需要将所有文件复制到以下文件夹

/opt/nextcloud/app/data/admin/files

3）将所有文件复制到这个文件夹后，使用下面的命令来扫描它们。

docker-compose exec -u www-data app php occ files:scan --all

4）如果你想安装ffmpeg，请按照这些命令。 

docker exec -it nextcloud_app_1 bash
apt -y update
apt -y install ffmpeg

4、备份和恢复

 以下是备份和恢复你的NextCloud系统的一些步骤。

1）使用docker-compose命令停止所有正在运行的dockers。

cd /opt/nextcloud
docker-compose stop

2）从/opt/nextcloud文件夹打包所有文件

cd /opt
tar -zcvf nextcloud.tar.gz nextcloud

3）传输tar文件到新机器

scp nextcloud.tar.gz root@serverip:/opt

3）在新机器上安装Docker和Docker Compose

cd /opt
tar -xzvf nextcloud.tar.gz

4）用刚才的配置文件启动docker

cd nextcloud
docker-compose up -d