1、 定义
1.1 标准定义
中介者模式的定义为:Define an object that encapsulates how a set of objectsinteract.Mediator promotes loose coupling by keeping objects from referring to each other explicitly,and it lets you vary their interaction independently.(用一个中介对象封装一系列的对象交互, 中介者使各对象不需要显示地相互作用, 而使其耦合松散,而且可以独立地改变它们之间的交互。)
1.2 通用类图
● Mediator 抽象中介者角色
抽象中介者角色定义统一的接口,用于各同事角色之间的通信。
● Concrete Mediator 具体中介者角色
具体中介者角色通过协调各同事角色实现协作行为,因此它必须依赖于各个同事角色。
● Colleague 同事角色
每一个同事角色都知道中介者角色,而且与其他的同事角色通信的时候,一定要通过中介者角色协作。每个同事类的行为分为两种:一种是同事本身的行为,比如改变对象本身的状态,处理自己的行为等,这种行为叫做自发行为(
Self-Method),与其他的同事类或中介者没有任何的依赖;第二种是必须依赖中介者才能完成的行为,叫做依赖方法(DepMethod)。
2、实现
2.1 类图
Colleage抽象同事类,而ConcreteColleage是具体同事类,每个具体同事只知道自己的行为,而不了解其他同事类的情况,但它们却都认识中介者对象,Mediator是抽象中介者,定义了同事对象到中介者对象的接口,ConcreteMediator是具体中介者对象,实现抽象类的方法,它需要知道所有具体同事类,并从具体同事接受消息,向具体同事对象发出命令。
Colleage类,抽象同事类
Mediator类,抽象中介者类
说明:
1. Mediator 模式中,每个Colleague 维护一个 Mediator,当要进行通信时,每个具体的 Colleague 直接向ConcreteMediator 发信息,至于信息发到哪里,则由 ConcreteMediator 来决定。
2. ConcreteColleagueA 和 ConcreteColleagueB 不必维护对各自的引用,甚至它们也不知道各个的存在。
2.2 代码
2.2.1 mediator类
// Mediator.h #ifndef _MEDIATOR_H_ #define _MEDIATOR_H_ #include <string> using namespace std; class Mediator; class Colleage { public: virtual ~Colleage(); virtual void SetMediator(Mediator*); virtual void SendMsg(string) = 0; virtual void GetMsg(string) = 0; protected: Colleage(Mediator*); Mediator* _mediator; private: }; class ConcreteColleageA : public Colleage { public: ~ConcreteColleageA(); ConcreteColleageA(Mediator*); virtual void SendMsg(string msg); virtual void GetMsg(string); protected: private: }; class ConcreteColleageB : public Colleage { public: ~ConcreteColleageB(); ConcreteColleageB(Mediator*); virtual void SendMsg(string msg); virtual void GetMsg(string); protected: private: }; class Mediator { public: virtual ~Mediator(); virtual void SendMsg(string,Colleage*) = 0; protected: Mediator(); private: }; class ConcreteMediator : public Mediator { public: ConcreteMediator(); ~ConcreteMediator(); void SetColleageA(Colleage*); void SetColleageB(Colleage*); virtual void SendMsg(string msg,Colleage*); protected: private: Colleage* m_ColleageA; Colleage* m_ColleageB; }; #endif
// Mediator.cpp #include "Mediator.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; Colleage::Colleage(Mediator* pMediator) { this->_mediator = pMediator; } Colleage::~Colleage(){} void Colleage::SetMediator(Mediator* pMediator) { this->_mediator = pMediator; } ConcreteColleageA::ConcreteColleageA(Mediator* pMediator) : Colleage(pMediator){} ConcreteColleageA::~ConcreteColleageA(){} void ConcreteColleageA::SendMsg(string msg) { this->_mediator->SendMsg(msg,this); } void ConcreteColleageA::GetMsg(string msg) { cout << "ConcreteColleageA Receive:"<< msg << endl; } ConcreteColleageB::ConcreteColleageB(Mediator* pMediator) : Colleage(pMediator){} ConcreteColleageB::~ConcreteColleageB(){} void ConcreteColleageB::SendMsg(string msg) { this->_mediator->SendMsg(msg,this); } void ConcreteColleageB::GetMsg(string msg) { cout << "ConcreteColleageB Receive:" << msg << endl; } Mediator::Mediator(){} Mediator::~Mediator(){} ConcreteMediator::ConcreteMediator(){} ConcreteMediator::~ConcreteMediator(){} void ConcreteMediator::SetColleageA(Colleage* p) { this->m_ColleageA = p; } void ConcreteMediator::SetColleageB(Colleage* p) { this->m_ColleageB = p; } void ConcreteMediator::SendMsg(string msg,Colleage* p) { if(p == this->m_ColleageA) { this->m_ColleageB->GetMsg(msg); } else if(p == this->m_ColleageB) { this->m_ColleageA->GetMsg(msg); } }
2.2.3 调用
// mian.cpp #include "Mediator.h" int main() { ConcreteMediator* pMediator = new ConcreteMediator(); Colleage* p1 = new ConcreteColleageA(pMediator); Colleage* p2 = new ConcreteColleageB(pMediator); pMediator->SetColleageA(p1); pMediator->SetColleageB(p2); p1->SendMsg("xxx"); p2->SendMsg("ooo"); return 0; }
3、优缺点
3.1 优点
中介者模式的优点就是减少类间的依赖,把原有的一对多的依赖变成了一对一的依赖,同事类只依赖中介者,减少了依赖,当然同时也降低了类间的耦合。
3.2 缺点
中介者模式的缺点就是中介者会膨胀得很大,而且逻辑复杂,原本N个对象直接的相互依赖关系转换为中介者和同事类的依赖关系,同事类越多,中介者的逻辑就越复杂。
4、应用
● N个对象之间产生了相互的依赖关系( N>2) 。
● 多个对象有依赖关系, 但是依赖的行为尚不确定或者有发生改变的可能, 在这种情况下一般建议采用中介者模式, 降低变更引起的风险扩散。
● 产品开发。一个明显的例子就是MVC框架,把中介者模式应用到产品中,可以提升产品的性能和扩展性,但是对于项目开发就未必, 因为项目是以交付投产为目标,而产品则是以稳定、高效、扩展为宗旨。